Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt Stress
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is generally considered effective in improving salt tolerance in plants; however, the advantages it offers can vary greatly depending on the context in which it occurs; furthermore, the mechanisms underlying these responses are still unclear. A study was con...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/11/2823 |
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| author | Dario Giambalvo Gaetano Amato Davide Borgia Rosolino Ingraffia Calogero Librici Antonella Lo Porto Guglielmo Puccio Paolo Ruisi Alfonso S. Frenda |
| author_facet | Dario Giambalvo Gaetano Amato Davide Borgia Rosolino Ingraffia Calogero Librici Antonella Lo Porto Guglielmo Puccio Paolo Ruisi Alfonso S. Frenda |
| author_sort | Dario Giambalvo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is generally considered effective in improving salt tolerance in plants; however, the advantages it offers can vary greatly depending on the context in which it occurs; furthermore, the mechanisms underlying these responses are still unclear. A study was conducted to investigate the role of nitrogen (N) availability on the effectiveness of AM symbiosis in durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.) plants grown under salt stress. Plants were grown in pots in the absence or in presence of salt stress (soil electrical conductivity of 1.50 and 13.00 dS m<sup>−1</sup>, respectively), with or without AM fungi inoculation (<i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> and <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i>), varying the N dose supplied (0 or 80 mg N per pot). Results indicate that AM symbiosis can alleviate the detrimental effects of salt stress on the growth of durum wheat only when plants are grown under sufficient N availability in soil; in such conditions mycorrhizal symbiosis determined an improvement of leaf traits (leaf area, SLA, stability of plasma membranes and SPAD), N uptake, N fertilizer recovery and water use efficiency. On the contrary, when wheat plants were grown in conditions of N deficiency, the mycorrhizal symbiosis had no effect (under salt stress) or even depressive effect (under unstressed condition) on plant growth and N uptake, highlighting how, in some cases, competition for nutrients between plants and AM can arise. This study suggests that N availability in the soil can drive the effects of AM symbiosis in assisting the plant with containing saline stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:32:05Z |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:32:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-44ed53a1f6334bc2ab4399b33ed0b95b2023-11-24T07:26:09ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-11-011211282310.3390/agronomy12112823Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt StressDario Giambalvo0Gaetano Amato1Davide Borgia2Rosolino Ingraffia3Calogero Librici4Antonella Lo Porto5Guglielmo Puccio6Paolo Ruisi7Alfonso S. Frenda8Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyThe arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is generally considered effective in improving salt tolerance in plants; however, the advantages it offers can vary greatly depending on the context in which it occurs; furthermore, the mechanisms underlying these responses are still unclear. A study was conducted to investigate the role of nitrogen (N) availability on the effectiveness of AM symbiosis in durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.) plants grown under salt stress. Plants were grown in pots in the absence or in presence of salt stress (soil electrical conductivity of 1.50 and 13.00 dS m<sup>−1</sup>, respectively), with or without AM fungi inoculation (<i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> and <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i>), varying the N dose supplied (0 or 80 mg N per pot). Results indicate that AM symbiosis can alleviate the detrimental effects of salt stress on the growth of durum wheat only when plants are grown under sufficient N availability in soil; in such conditions mycorrhizal symbiosis determined an improvement of leaf traits (leaf area, SLA, stability of plasma membranes and SPAD), N uptake, N fertilizer recovery and water use efficiency. On the contrary, when wheat plants were grown in conditions of N deficiency, the mycorrhizal symbiosis had no effect (under salt stress) or even depressive effect (under unstressed condition) on plant growth and N uptake, highlighting how, in some cases, competition for nutrients between plants and AM can arise. This study suggests that N availability in the soil can drive the effects of AM symbiosis in assisting the plant with containing saline stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/11/2823arbuscular mycorrhizal fungisalt stress mitigationplant growthnitrogen alleviates salt stress |
| spellingShingle | Dario Giambalvo Gaetano Amato Davide Borgia Rosolino Ingraffia Calogero Librici Antonella Lo Porto Guglielmo Puccio Paolo Ruisi Alfonso S. Frenda Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt Stress Agronomy arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi salt stress mitigation plant growth nitrogen alleviates salt stress |
| title | Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt Stress |
| title_full | Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt Stress |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt Stress |
| title_short | Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt Stress |
| title_sort | nitrogen availability drives mycorrhizal effects on wheat growth nitrogen uptake and recovery under salt stress |
| topic | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi salt stress mitigation plant growth nitrogen alleviates salt stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/11/2823 |
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