Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with Parkinson's disease
Background: Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) impact quality of life and are not fully ameliorated by current pharmacological and surgical treatments. A better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is needed. Previous research has suggested that inf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354622000321 |
| _version_ | 1819047291746516992 |
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| author | K. Diaz M.L. Kohut D.W. Russell E.L. Stegemöller |
| author_facet | K. Diaz M.L. Kohut D.W. Russell E.L. Stegemöller |
| author_sort | K. Diaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) impact quality of life and are not fully ameliorated by current pharmacological and surgical treatments. A better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is needed. Previous research has suggested that inflammation may play a significant role in PD pathophysiology and progression, but there is limited research exploring how inflammation directly relates to motor symptoms in PD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between peripheral immune inflammatory markers and motor symptoms of PD, specifically, tremor, bradykinesia, and postural and gait instability. We hypothesized that peripheral inflammatory cytokines would predict the severity of motor symptoms in persons with PD, and that there will be higher levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokine markers in persons with PD when compared to age-matched healthy older adults. Methods: Twenty-six participants with PD and fourteen healthy older adults completed the study. For participants with PD, the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was recorded and scored by two Movement Disorders Neurologists masked to the study. A blood sample was collected from both participants with PD and the healthy older adults. Through the MILLIPLEX® map High Sensitivity Human Cytokine Kit, key inflammation-related markers were analyzed (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-2, IL-7, IL-5, IL-13, IL, 4, IL-10 IL-12p70, GM-CSF, and IL-6). Results: Results revealed significantly higher levels of IL-6 in persons with PD when compared to healthy older adults (p = 0.005). Moreover, results revealed that higher levels of IL-4 (p = 0.011) and lower levels of IFNγ (p = 0.003) significantly predicted more severe tremor in persons with PD. No other associations between the peripheral inflammation markers and other motor symptoms were observed. Conclusions: Overall, these results are consistent with a growing body of literature that implicates inflammatory cytokines in the PD, and further suggests that inflammatory cytokines, or lack thereof, may be associated with tremor in persons with PD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:58:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44f67654c7e344578509be109959c55e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-3546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:58:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-44f67654c7e344578509be109959c55e2022-12-21T19:06:26ZengElsevierBrain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health2666-35462022-05-0121100442Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with Parkinson's diseaseK. Diaz0M.L. Kohut1D.W. Russell2E.L. Stegemöller3Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Corresponding author. Iowa State University, 534 Wallace Road, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USADepartment of Human Development & Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USADepartment of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USABackground: Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) impact quality of life and are not fully ameliorated by current pharmacological and surgical treatments. A better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is needed. Previous research has suggested that inflammation may play a significant role in PD pathophysiology and progression, but there is limited research exploring how inflammation directly relates to motor symptoms in PD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between peripheral immune inflammatory markers and motor symptoms of PD, specifically, tremor, bradykinesia, and postural and gait instability. We hypothesized that peripheral inflammatory cytokines would predict the severity of motor symptoms in persons with PD, and that there will be higher levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokine markers in persons with PD when compared to age-matched healthy older adults. Methods: Twenty-six participants with PD and fourteen healthy older adults completed the study. For participants with PD, the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was recorded and scored by two Movement Disorders Neurologists masked to the study. A blood sample was collected from both participants with PD and the healthy older adults. Through the MILLIPLEX® map High Sensitivity Human Cytokine Kit, key inflammation-related markers were analyzed (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-2, IL-7, IL-5, IL-13, IL, 4, IL-10 IL-12p70, GM-CSF, and IL-6). Results: Results revealed significantly higher levels of IL-6 in persons with PD when compared to healthy older adults (p = 0.005). Moreover, results revealed that higher levels of IL-4 (p = 0.011) and lower levels of IFNγ (p = 0.003) significantly predicted more severe tremor in persons with PD. No other associations between the peripheral inflammation markers and other motor symptoms were observed. Conclusions: Overall, these results are consistent with a growing body of literature that implicates inflammatory cytokines in the PD, and further suggests that inflammatory cytokines, or lack thereof, may be associated with tremor in persons with PD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354622000321Parkinson's diseasePeripheral inflammationInflammatory cytokinesMotor impairmentsMovement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale |
| spellingShingle | K. Diaz M.L. Kohut D.W. Russell E.L. Stegemöller Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with Parkinson's disease Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health Parkinson's disease Peripheral inflammation Inflammatory cytokines Motor impairments Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale |
| title | Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with Parkinson's disease |
| title_full | Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with Parkinson's disease |
| title_fullStr | Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with Parkinson's disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with Parkinson's disease |
| title_short | Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with Parkinson's disease |
| title_sort | peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor symptoms in persons with parkinson s disease |
| topic | Parkinson's disease Peripheral inflammation Inflammatory cytokines Motor impairments Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354622000321 |
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