Morphological and pomological assessments of seedling-originated walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees to select the promising late-leafing genotypes
Abstract Background In many parts of the world, including Iran, walnut (Juglans regia L.) production is limited by late-spring frosts. Therefore, the use of late-leafing walnuts in areas with late-spring frost is the most important method to improve yield. In the present study, the phenotypic divers...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04941-9 |
| _version_ | 1827284399320727552 |
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| author | Fariba Einollahi Ali Khadivi |
| author_facet | Fariba Einollahi Ali Khadivi |
| author_sort | Fariba Einollahi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In many parts of the world, including Iran, walnut (Juglans regia L.) production is limited by late-spring frosts. Therefore, the use of late-leafing walnuts in areas with late-spring frost is the most important method to improve yield. In the present study, the phenotypic diversity of 141 seedling genotypes of walnut available in the Senejan area, Arak region, Markazi province, Iran was studied based on morphological traits to obtain superior late-leafing genotypes in the cropping seasons of 2022 and 2023. Results Based on the results of the analysis of variance, the studied genotypes showed a significant variation in terms of most of the studied morphological and pomological traits. Therefore, it is possible to choose genotypes for different values of a trait. Kernel weight showed positive and significant correlations with leaf length (r = 0.32), leaf width (r = 0.33), petiole length (r = 0.26), terminal leaflet length (r = 0.34), terminal leaflet width (r = 0.21), nut length (r = 0.48), nut width (r = 0.73), nut weight (r = 0.83), kernel length (r = 0.64), and kernel width (r = 0.89). The 46 out of 141 studied genotypes were late-leafing and were analyzed separately. Among late-leafing genotypes, the length of the nut was in the range of 29.33–48.50 mm, the width of the nut was in the range of 27.51–39.89 mm, and nut weight was in the range of 8.18–16.06 g. The thickness of shell was in the range of 1.11–2.60 mm. Also, kernel length ranged from 21.97–34.84 mm, kernel width ranged from 21.10–31.09 mm, and kernel weight ranged from 3.10–7.97 g. Conclusions Based on important and commercial traits in walnut breeding programs, such as nut weight, kernel weight, kernel percentage, kernel color, and ease of kernel removal from nuts, 15 genotypes, including no. 92, 91, 31, 38, 33, 18, 93, 3, 58, 108, 16, 70, 15, 82, and 32 were superior and could be used in walnut breeding programs in line with the introduction of new cultivars and the revival of traditional walnut orchards to commercialize them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:54:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44fa3c2d929247c8b3a591c790ca17fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:54:08Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-44fa3c2d929247c8b3a591c790ca17fd2024-04-14T11:11:56ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-04-0124111710.1186/s12870-024-04941-9Morphological and pomological assessments of seedling-originated walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees to select the promising late-leafing genotypesFariba Einollahi0Ali Khadivi1Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak UniversityDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak UniversityAbstract Background In many parts of the world, including Iran, walnut (Juglans regia L.) production is limited by late-spring frosts. Therefore, the use of late-leafing walnuts in areas with late-spring frost is the most important method to improve yield. In the present study, the phenotypic diversity of 141 seedling genotypes of walnut available in the Senejan area, Arak region, Markazi province, Iran was studied based on morphological traits to obtain superior late-leafing genotypes in the cropping seasons of 2022 and 2023. Results Based on the results of the analysis of variance, the studied genotypes showed a significant variation in terms of most of the studied morphological and pomological traits. Therefore, it is possible to choose genotypes for different values of a trait. Kernel weight showed positive and significant correlations with leaf length (r = 0.32), leaf width (r = 0.33), petiole length (r = 0.26), terminal leaflet length (r = 0.34), terminal leaflet width (r = 0.21), nut length (r = 0.48), nut width (r = 0.73), nut weight (r = 0.83), kernel length (r = 0.64), and kernel width (r = 0.89). The 46 out of 141 studied genotypes were late-leafing and were analyzed separately. Among late-leafing genotypes, the length of the nut was in the range of 29.33–48.50 mm, the width of the nut was in the range of 27.51–39.89 mm, and nut weight was in the range of 8.18–16.06 g. The thickness of shell was in the range of 1.11–2.60 mm. Also, kernel length ranged from 21.97–34.84 mm, kernel width ranged from 21.10–31.09 mm, and kernel weight ranged from 3.10–7.97 g. Conclusions Based on important and commercial traits in walnut breeding programs, such as nut weight, kernel weight, kernel percentage, kernel color, and ease of kernel removal from nuts, 15 genotypes, including no. 92, 91, 31, 38, 33, 18, 93, 3, 58, 108, 16, 70, 15, 82, and 32 were superior and could be used in walnut breeding programs in line with the introduction of new cultivars and the revival of traditional walnut orchards to commercialize them.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04941-9WalnutVariationLeafing dateBreedingCultivar |
| spellingShingle | Fariba Einollahi Ali Khadivi Morphological and pomological assessments of seedling-originated walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees to select the promising late-leafing genotypes BMC Plant Biology Walnut Variation Leafing date Breeding Cultivar |
| title | Morphological and pomological assessments of seedling-originated walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees to select the promising late-leafing genotypes |
| title_full | Morphological and pomological assessments of seedling-originated walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees to select the promising late-leafing genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Morphological and pomological assessments of seedling-originated walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees to select the promising late-leafing genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological and pomological assessments of seedling-originated walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees to select the promising late-leafing genotypes |
| title_short | Morphological and pomological assessments of seedling-originated walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees to select the promising late-leafing genotypes |
| title_sort | morphological and pomological assessments of seedling originated walnut juglans regia l trees to select the promising late leafing genotypes |
| topic | Walnut Variation Leafing date Breeding Cultivar |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04941-9 |
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