Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland from daily to seasonal timescales
We studied circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland (GoF), an estuary-like sub-basin of the Baltic Sea. Circulation patterns in the GoF are complex and vary from season to season and year to year. Estuarine circulation in the gulf is heavily modified by many factors, such as wind forcing, topogra...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Stockholm University Press
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2019.1627149 |
| _version_ | 1811302552290983936 |
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| author | Antti Westerlund Laura Tuomi Pekka Alenius Kai Myrberg Elina Miettunen Roman E. Vankevich Robinson Hordoir |
| author_facet | Antti Westerlund Laura Tuomi Pekka Alenius Kai Myrberg Elina Miettunen Roman E. Vankevich Robinson Hordoir |
| author_sort | Antti Westerlund |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We studied circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland (GoF), an estuary-like sub-basin of the Baltic Sea. Circulation patterns in the GoF are complex and vary from season to season and year to year. Estuarine circulation in the gulf is heavily modified by many factors, such as wind forcing, topography and geostrophic effects. Based on a 7-year run of the NEMO 3D hydrodynamic model with a 500 m horizontal resolution, we analysed seasonal changes of mean circulation patterns. We found that there were clear seasonal differences in the circulation patterns in the GoF. Features that moved or changed direction from season to season were damped or hidden in the averages. To further study these differences, we also carried out a self-organising map (SOM) analysis of currents for several latitudinal sections. The results of the SOM analysis emphasised the estuary-like nature of the GoF. Circulation changed rapidly from normal estuarine circulation to reverse estuarine circulation. The dominant southwesterly winds supported the reversal of the estuarine circulation. Both normal and reversed estuarine circulation were roughly as common in our data. The SOM analysis also demonstrated how the long-term cyclonic mean circulation field and the average salinity field emerged from the interaction of normal and reversed estuarine circulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:31:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44fc3f48b3484cf7b64418c4de749c11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1600-0870 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:31:00Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Stockholm University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography |
| spelling | doaj.art-44fc3f48b3484cf7b64418c4de749c112022-12-22T02:56:21ZengStockholm University PressTellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography1600-08702019-01-0171110.1080/16000870.2019.16271491627149Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland from daily to seasonal timescalesAntti Westerlund0Laura Tuomi1Pekka Alenius2Kai Myrberg3Elina Miettunen4Roman E. Vankevich5Robinson Hordoir6Finnish Meteorological InstituteFinnish Meteorological InstituteFinnish Meteorological InstituteFinnish Environment Institute SYKEFinnish Environment Institute SYKERussian Academy of SciencesSwedish Meteorological and Hydrological InstituteWe studied circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland (GoF), an estuary-like sub-basin of the Baltic Sea. Circulation patterns in the GoF are complex and vary from season to season and year to year. Estuarine circulation in the gulf is heavily modified by many factors, such as wind forcing, topography and geostrophic effects. Based on a 7-year run of the NEMO 3D hydrodynamic model with a 500 m horizontal resolution, we analysed seasonal changes of mean circulation patterns. We found that there were clear seasonal differences in the circulation patterns in the GoF. Features that moved or changed direction from season to season were damped or hidden in the averages. To further study these differences, we also carried out a self-organising map (SOM) analysis of currents for several latitudinal sections. The results of the SOM analysis emphasised the estuary-like nature of the GoF. Circulation changed rapidly from normal estuarine circulation to reverse estuarine circulation. The dominant southwesterly winds supported the reversal of the estuarine circulation. Both normal and reversed estuarine circulation were roughly as common in our data. The SOM analysis also demonstrated how the long-term cyclonic mean circulation field and the average salinity field emerged from the interaction of normal and reversed estuarine circulation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2019.1627149circulationmodellingbaltic seagulf of finlandsom |
| spellingShingle | Antti Westerlund Laura Tuomi Pekka Alenius Kai Myrberg Elina Miettunen Roman E. Vankevich Robinson Hordoir Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland from daily to seasonal timescales Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography circulation modelling baltic sea gulf of finland som |
| title | Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland from daily to seasonal timescales |
| title_full | Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland from daily to seasonal timescales |
| title_fullStr | Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland from daily to seasonal timescales |
| title_full_unstemmed | Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland from daily to seasonal timescales |
| title_short | Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland from daily to seasonal timescales |
| title_sort | circulation patterns in the gulf of finland from daily to seasonal timescales |
| topic | circulation modelling baltic sea gulf of finland som |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2019.1627149 |
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