MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia
<p>The Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III was conducted to promote understanding of regional air quality and climate change in Asia, which have received growing attention due to the huge amount of anthropogenic emissions worldwide. This study provides an overview of ac...
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Copernicus Publications
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/2667/2020/acp-20-2667-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811269254240010240 |
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| author | S. Itahashi S. Itahashi B. Ge B. Ge B. Ge K. Sato J. S. Fu X. Wang K. Yamaji T. Nagashima T. Nagashima J. Li J. Li J. Li M. Kajino M. Kajino H. Liao M. Zhang M. Zhang M. Zhang Z. Wang Z. Wang M. Li J. Kurokawa G. R. Carmichael Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang |
| author_facet | S. Itahashi S. Itahashi B. Ge B. Ge B. Ge K. Sato J. S. Fu X. Wang K. Yamaji T. Nagashima T. Nagashima J. Li J. Li J. Li M. Kajino M. Kajino H. Liao M. Zhang M. Zhang M. Zhang Z. Wang Z. Wang M. Li J. Kurokawa G. R. Carmichael Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang |
| author_sort | S. Itahashi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia)
phase III was conducted to promote understanding of regional air quality and
climate change in Asia, which have received growing attention due to the
huge amount of anthropogenic emissions worldwide. This study provides an
overview of acid deposition. Specifically, dry and wet deposition of the
following species was analyzed: S (sulfate aerosol, sulfur dioxide
(<span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span>), and sulfuric acid (<span class="inline-formula">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span>)), N (nitrate aerosol,
nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span>), and nitric acid
(<span class="inline-formula">HNO<sub>3</sub></span>)), and A (ammonium aerosol and ammonia (<span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span>)). The wet
deposition simulated by a total of nine models was analyzed and evaluated
using ground observation data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in
East Asia (EANET). In the phase III study, the number of observation sites
was increased from 37 in the phase II study to 54, and southeast Asian
countries were newly added. Additionally, whereas the analysis period was
limited to representative months of each season in MICS-Asia phase II, the
phase III study analyzed the full year of 2010. The scope of this overview
mainly focuses<span id="page2668"/> on the annual accumulated deposition. In general, models can
capture the observed wet deposition over Asia but underestimate the wet
deposition of S and A, and show large differences in the wet deposition of N.
Furthermore, the ratio of wet deposition to the total deposition (the sum of
dry and wet deposition) was investigated in order to understand the role of
important processes in the total deposition. The general dominance of wet
deposition over Asia and attributions from dry deposition over land were
consistently found in all models. Then, total deposition maps over 13
countries participating in EANET were produced, and the balance between
deposition and anthropogenic emissions was calculated. Excesses of
deposition, rather than of anthropogenic emissions, were found over Japan,
northern Asia, and southeast Asia, indicating the possibility of long-range
transport within and outside of Asia, as well as other emission sources. To
improve the ability of models to capture the observed wet deposition, two
approaches were attempted, namely, ensemble and precipitation adjustment.
The ensemble approach was effective at modulating the differences in
performance among models, and the precipitation-adjusted approach
demonstrated that the model performance for precipitation played a key role
in better simulating wet deposition. Finally, the lessons learned from the
phase III study and future perspectives for phase IV are summarized.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:38:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44fee0dc13724aa3a4b8b6de4205456f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:38:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-44fee0dc13724aa3a4b8b6de4205456f2022-12-22T03:15:49ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-03-01202667269310.5194/acp-20-2667-2020MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over AsiaS. Itahashi0S. Itahashi1B. Ge2B. Ge3B. Ge4K. Sato5J. S. Fu6X. Wang7K. Yamaji8T. Nagashima9T. Nagashima10J. Li11J. Li12J. Li13M. Kajino14M. Kajino15H. Liao16M. Zhang17M. Zhang18M. Zhang19Z. Wang20Z. Wang21M. Li22J. Kurokawa23G. R. Carmichael24Z. Wang25Z. Wang26Z. Wang27Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Abiko, Chiba 270–1194, JapanMeteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0052, JapanState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaCollage of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, ChinaAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950–2144, JapanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAGuangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaGraduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 658–0022, JapanNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8506, JapanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8572, JapanState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaCollage of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, ChinaMeteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0052, JapanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8572, JapanJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaCollage of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816–8580, JapanMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950–2144, JapanCenter for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaCollage of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, China<p>The Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III was conducted to promote understanding of regional air quality and climate change in Asia, which have received growing attention due to the huge amount of anthropogenic emissions worldwide. This study provides an overview of acid deposition. Specifically, dry and wet deposition of the following species was analyzed: S (sulfate aerosol, sulfur dioxide (<span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span>), and sulfuric acid (<span class="inline-formula">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span>)), N (nitrate aerosol, nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span>), and nitric acid (<span class="inline-formula">HNO<sub>3</sub></span>)), and A (ammonium aerosol and ammonia (<span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span>)). The wet deposition simulated by a total of nine models was analyzed and evaluated using ground observation data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). In the phase III study, the number of observation sites was increased from 37 in the phase II study to 54, and southeast Asian countries were newly added. Additionally, whereas the analysis period was limited to representative months of each season in MICS-Asia phase II, the phase III study analyzed the full year of 2010. The scope of this overview mainly focuses<span id="page2668"/> on the annual accumulated deposition. In general, models can capture the observed wet deposition over Asia but underestimate the wet deposition of S and A, and show large differences in the wet deposition of N. Furthermore, the ratio of wet deposition to the total deposition (the sum of dry and wet deposition) was investigated in order to understand the role of important processes in the total deposition. The general dominance of wet deposition over Asia and attributions from dry deposition over land were consistently found in all models. Then, total deposition maps over 13 countries participating in EANET were produced, and the balance between deposition and anthropogenic emissions was calculated. Excesses of deposition, rather than of anthropogenic emissions, were found over Japan, northern Asia, and southeast Asia, indicating the possibility of long-range transport within and outside of Asia, as well as other emission sources. To improve the ability of models to capture the observed wet deposition, two approaches were attempted, namely, ensemble and precipitation adjustment. The ensemble approach was effective at modulating the differences in performance among models, and the precipitation-adjusted approach demonstrated that the model performance for precipitation played a key role in better simulating wet deposition. Finally, the lessons learned from the phase III study and future perspectives for phase IV are summarized.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/2667/2020/acp-20-2667-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S. Itahashi S. Itahashi B. Ge B. Ge B. Ge K. Sato J. S. Fu X. Wang K. Yamaji T. Nagashima T. Nagashima J. Li J. Li J. Li M. Kajino M. Kajino H. Liao M. Zhang M. Zhang M. Zhang Z. Wang Z. Wang M. Li J. Kurokawa G. R. Carmichael Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia |
| title_full | MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia |
| title_fullStr | MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia |
| title_short | MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia |
| title_sort | mics asia iii overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over asia |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/2667/2020/acp-20-2667-2020.pdf |
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