Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: A multilevel analysis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Glasgow area has elevated levels of deprivation and is known for its poor health and associated negative health-related behaviours, which are socially patterned. Of interest is whether high smoking rates are explained by the area...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2009-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/245 |
| _version_ | 1828530316603555840 |
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| author | Leyland Alastair H Gray Linsay |
| author_facet | Leyland Alastair H Gray Linsay |
| author_sort | Leyland Alastair H |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Glasgow area has elevated levels of deprivation and is known for its poor health and associated negative health-related behaviours, which are socially patterned. Of interest is whether high smoking rates are explained by the area's socio-economic profile.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on age, sex, current/previous smoking status, area deprivation, social class, education, economic activity, postcode sector, and health board region were available from Scottish Health Surveys conducted in 1995, 1998 and 2003. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied by sex, unadjusted and adjusted for age, survey year, and socio-economic factors, accounting for geographical hierarchy and missing data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with the rest of Scotland, men living in Greater Glasgow were 30% and women 43% more likely to smoke [odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, (95% CI = 1.08–1.56) and (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.22–1.68), respectively] before adjustment. In adjusted results, the association between living in Greater Glasgow and current smoking was attenuated [OR = 0.92, CI = 0.78–1.09 for men, and OR = 1.08, CI = 0.94–1.23 for women; results based on multiply imputed data to account for missing values remained borderline significant for women]. Accounting for individuals who had been told to give up smoking by a medical person/excluding ex-smokers did not alter results.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>High levels of smoking in Greater Glasgow were attributable to its poorer socio-economic position and the strong social patterning of smoking. Tackling Glasgow's, and indeed Scotland's, poor health must involve policies to alleviate problems associated with poverty.</p> |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45035477a6bc416db03c40c9382742d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:21:30Z |
| publishDate | 2009-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-45035477a6bc416db03c40c9382742d72022-12-22T00:48:26ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582009-07-019124510.1186/1471-2458-9-245Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: A multilevel analysisLeyland Alastair HGray Linsay<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Glasgow area has elevated levels of deprivation and is known for its poor health and associated negative health-related behaviours, which are socially patterned. Of interest is whether high smoking rates are explained by the area's socio-economic profile.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on age, sex, current/previous smoking status, area deprivation, social class, education, economic activity, postcode sector, and health board region were available from Scottish Health Surveys conducted in 1995, 1998 and 2003. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied by sex, unadjusted and adjusted for age, survey year, and socio-economic factors, accounting for geographical hierarchy and missing data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with the rest of Scotland, men living in Greater Glasgow were 30% and women 43% more likely to smoke [odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, (95% CI = 1.08–1.56) and (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.22–1.68), respectively] before adjustment. In adjusted results, the association between living in Greater Glasgow and current smoking was attenuated [OR = 0.92, CI = 0.78–1.09 for men, and OR = 1.08, CI = 0.94–1.23 for women; results based on multiply imputed data to account for missing values remained borderline significant for women]. Accounting for individuals who had been told to give up smoking by a medical person/excluding ex-smokers did not alter results.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>High levels of smoking in Greater Glasgow were attributable to its poorer socio-economic position and the strong social patterning of smoking. Tackling Glasgow's, and indeed Scotland's, poor health must involve policies to alleviate problems associated with poverty.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/245 |
| spellingShingle | Leyland Alastair H Gray Linsay Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: A multilevel analysis BMC Public Health |
| title | Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: A multilevel analysis |
| title_full | Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: A multilevel analysis |
| title_fullStr | Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: A multilevel analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: A multilevel analysis |
| title_short | Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: A multilevel analysis |
| title_sort | is the glasgow effect of cigarette smoking explained by socio economic status a multilevel analysis |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/245 |
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