Massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)
In order to make the shape of raw dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) particles more regular and suitable for coating, modification, charging and other applications, submicron TKX-50 was prepared with average particle size of 120 nm through a low-temperature ball milling techn...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
2021-09-01
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| Series: | FirePhysChem |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266713442100033X |
| _version_ | 1797976365243301888 |
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| author | Lei Xiao Liming Zhang Weiwei Zhang Guangpu Zhang Yubing Hu Suwei Wang Gazi Hao Wei Jiang |
| author_facet | Lei Xiao Liming Zhang Weiwei Zhang Guangpu Zhang Yubing Hu Suwei Wang Gazi Hao Wei Jiang |
| author_sort | Lei Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to make the shape of raw dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) particles more regular and suitable for coating, modification, charging and other applications, submicron TKX-50 was prepared with average particle size of 120 nm through a low-temperature ball milling technique by 1 kg per batch in this study. The morphology and structure of prepared submicron TKX-50 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thermal decomposition properties were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques, and the thermal decomposition process of submicron TKX-50 was investigated using TG-FTIR technology, by which the gas products would be detected. Moreover, the mechanical sensitivities were also evaluated. The results showed that the prepared submicron TKX-50 was spherical in shape and the structures of crystal and molecule had no change compared to raw TKX-50. The thermal decomposition temperature of submicron TKX-50 was shifted about 14-18 ºC towards lower temperature, while its activation energy value was increased according to the Kissinger method and the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method. The most-abundant decomposition products of submicron TKX-50 were HCN, CO2, N2O, NH3 and a small amount of H2O. In addition, submicron TKX-50 showed excellent safety, which guaranteed its predictable applications on ammunitions with high energy and low sensitivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:49:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-450a3f69e2714f5996a1bb02843c6648 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-1344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:49:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | FirePhysChem |
| spelling | doaj.art-450a3f69e2714f5996a1bb02843c66482022-12-27T04:40:40ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.FirePhysChem2667-13442021-09-0113146155Massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)Lei Xiao0Liming Zhang1Weiwei Zhang2Guangpu Zhang3Yubing Hu4Suwei Wang5Gazi Hao6Wei Jiang7National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemical and Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaXi'an North Huian Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. Xi'an 710300, ChinaInner Mongolia Institute of Power Machinery, Hohhot 010010, ChinaNational Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemical and Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaNational Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemical and Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaNational Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemical and Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaNational Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemical and Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Corresponding author.National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemical and Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Corresponding author.In order to make the shape of raw dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) particles more regular and suitable for coating, modification, charging and other applications, submicron TKX-50 was prepared with average particle size of 120 nm through a low-temperature ball milling technique by 1 kg per batch in this study. The morphology and structure of prepared submicron TKX-50 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thermal decomposition properties were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques, and the thermal decomposition process of submicron TKX-50 was investigated using TG-FTIR technology, by which the gas products would be detected. Moreover, the mechanical sensitivities were also evaluated. The results showed that the prepared submicron TKX-50 was spherical in shape and the structures of crystal and molecule had no change compared to raw TKX-50. The thermal decomposition temperature of submicron TKX-50 was shifted about 14-18 ºC towards lower temperature, while its activation energy value was increased according to the Kissinger method and the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method. The most-abundant decomposition products of submicron TKX-50 were HCN, CO2, N2O, NH3 and a small amount of H2O. In addition, submicron TKX-50 showed excellent safety, which guaranteed its predictable applications on ammunitions with high energy and low sensitivity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266713442100033XEnergetic materialSubmicron TKX-50Low-temperature ball millingThermal decompositionInsensitivity |
| spellingShingle | Lei Xiao Liming Zhang Weiwei Zhang Guangpu Zhang Yubing Hu Suwei Wang Gazi Hao Wei Jiang Massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) FirePhysChem Energetic material Submicron TKX-50 Low-temperature ball milling Thermal decomposition Insensitivity |
| title | Massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) |
| title_full | Massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) |
| title_fullStr | Massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) |
| title_short | Massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) |
| title_sort | massive preparation and characteristics of submicron dihydroxylammonium 5 5 bistetrazole 1 1 diolate tkx 50 |
| topic | Energetic material Submicron TKX-50 Low-temperature ball milling Thermal decomposition Insensitivity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266713442100033X |
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