Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation of Fagopyrin F from Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i>) Flower against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Its Biofilm
The objective of this study was to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by fagopyrin F-rich fraction (FFF) separated from Tartary buckwheat flower extract exposed to lights and to investigate its antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6205 |
| Summary: | The objective of this study was to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by fagopyrin F-rich fraction (FFF) separated from Tartary buckwheat flower extract exposed to lights and to investigate its antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and its biofilm. ROS producing mechanisms involving FFF with light exposure were determined using a spectrophotometer and a fluorometer. <i>S. mutans</i> and its biofilm inactivation after PDI treatment of FFF using blue light (BL; 450 nm) were determined by plate count method and crystal violet assay, respectively. The biofilm destruction by ROS produced from FFF after exposure to BL was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). BL among 3 light sources produced type 1 ROS the most when applying FFF as a photosensitizer. FFF exposed to BL (5 and 10 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) significantly more inhibited <i>S. mutans</i> viability and biofilm formation than FFF without the light exposure (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the PDI of FFF exposed to BL (10 J/cm<sup>2</sup>), an apparent destruction of <i>S. mutans</i> and its biofilm were observed by the CLSM and FE-SEM. Antibacterial PDI effect of FFF was determined for the first time in this study. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |