Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements
To meet the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel is expected to play a major role in future energy supplies. A challenge with hydrogen is its low density and volumetric energy value, meaning that large tanks are needed to store and transport it. By injecting hy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7990 |
| _version_ | 1797468425644146688 |
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| author | Christina Ingo Jessica Tuuf Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho |
| author_facet | Christina Ingo Jessica Tuuf Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho |
| author_sort | Christina Ingo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To meet the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel is expected to play a major role in future energy supplies. A challenge with hydrogen is its low density and volumetric energy value, meaning that large tanks are needed to store and transport it. By injecting hydrogen into the natural gas network, the transportation issue could be solved if the hydrogen–natural gas mixture satisfies the grid gas quality requirements set by legislation and standards. The end consumers usually have stricter limitations on the gas quality than the grid, where Euromot, the European association of internal combustion engine manufacturers, has specific requirements on the parameters: the methane number and Wobbe index. This paper analyses how much hydrogen can be added into the natural gas grid to fulfil Euromot’s requirements. An average gas composition was calculated based on the most common ones in Europe in 2021, and the results show that 13.4% hydrogen can be mixed with a gas consisting of 95.1% methane, 3.2% ethane, 0.7% propane, 0.3% butane, 0.3% carbon dioxide, and 0.5% nitrogen. The suggested gas composition indicates for engine manufacturers how much hydrogen can be added into the gas to be suitable for their engines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:07:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-451d1be833c74148ad440902ee182517 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:07:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-451d1be833c74148ad440902ee1825172023-11-24T04:30:04ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-10-011521799010.3390/en15217990Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality RequirementsChristina Ingo0Jessica Tuuf1Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho2Wärtsilä Finland Oy, P.O. Box 244, 65101 Vaasa, FinlandFaculty of Science and Engineering, Energy Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Rantakatu 2, 65100 Vaasa, FinlandFaculty of Science and Engineering, Energy Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Rantakatu 2, 65100 Vaasa, FinlandTo meet the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel is expected to play a major role in future energy supplies. A challenge with hydrogen is its low density and volumetric energy value, meaning that large tanks are needed to store and transport it. By injecting hydrogen into the natural gas network, the transportation issue could be solved if the hydrogen–natural gas mixture satisfies the grid gas quality requirements set by legislation and standards. The end consumers usually have stricter limitations on the gas quality than the grid, where Euromot, the European association of internal combustion engine manufacturers, has specific requirements on the parameters: the methane number and Wobbe index. This paper analyses how much hydrogen can be added into the natural gas grid to fulfil Euromot’s requirements. An average gas composition was calculated based on the most common ones in Europe in 2021, and the results show that 13.4% hydrogen can be mixed with a gas consisting of 95.1% methane, 3.2% ethane, 0.7% propane, 0.3% butane, 0.3% carbon dioxide, and 0.5% nitrogen. The suggested gas composition indicates for engine manufacturers how much hydrogen can be added into the gas to be suitable for their engines.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7990hydrogennatural gasmethane numberWobbe indexgas compositionhydrogen blend |
| spellingShingle | Christina Ingo Jessica Tuuf Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements Energies hydrogen natural gas methane number Wobbe index gas composition hydrogen blend |
| title | Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements |
| title_full | Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements |
| title_short | Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements |
| title_sort | impact of hydrogen on natural gas compositions to meet engine gas quality requirements |
| topic | hydrogen natural gas methane number Wobbe index gas composition hydrogen blend |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7990 |
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