Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities
Physical forces play a profound role in the survival and function of all known forms of life. Advances in cell biomechanics and mechanobiology have provided key insights into the physiology of eukaryotic organisms, but much less is known about the roles of physical forces in bacterial physiology. Th...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AIP Publishing LLC
2020-06-01
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| Series: | APL Bioengineering |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135585 |
| _version_ | 1819007908809015296 |
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| author | Christine E. Harper Christopher J. Hernandez |
| author_facet | Christine E. Harper Christopher J. Hernandez |
| author_sort | Christine E. Harper |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Physical forces play a profound role in the survival and function of all known forms of life. Advances in cell biomechanics and mechanobiology have provided key insights into the physiology of eukaryotic organisms, but much less is known about the roles of physical forces in bacterial physiology. This review is an introduction to bacterial mechanics intended for persons familiar with cells and biomechanics in mammalian cells. Bacteria play a major role in human health, either as pathogens or as beneficial commensal organisms within the microbiome. Although bacteria have long been known to be sensitive to their mechanical environment, understanding the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology has been limited by their small size (∼1 μm). However, advancements in micro- and nano-scale technologies over the past few years have increasingly made it possible to rigorously examine the mechanical stress and strain within individual bacteria. Here, we review the methods currently used to examine bacteria from a mechanical perspective, including the subcellular structures in bacteria and how they differ from those in mammalian cells, as well as micro- and nanomechanical approaches to studying bacteria, and studies showing the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology. Recent findings indicate a large range in mechanical properties of bacteria and show that physical forces can have a profound effect on bacterial survival, growth, biofilm formation, and resistance to toxins and antibiotics. Advances in the field of bacterial biomechanics have the potential to lead to novel antibacterial strategies, biotechnology approaches, and applications in synthetic biology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:32:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-452691c33f274f2aa244bb939a61dafa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2473-2877 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:32:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | APL Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-452691c33f274f2aa244bb939a61dafa2022-12-21T19:21:52ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Bioengineering2473-28772020-06-0142021501021501-910.1063/1.5135585Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunitiesChristine E. Harper0Christopher J. Hernandez1 Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USAPhysical forces play a profound role in the survival and function of all known forms of life. Advances in cell biomechanics and mechanobiology have provided key insights into the physiology of eukaryotic organisms, but much less is known about the roles of physical forces in bacterial physiology. This review is an introduction to bacterial mechanics intended for persons familiar with cells and biomechanics in mammalian cells. Bacteria play a major role in human health, either as pathogens or as beneficial commensal organisms within the microbiome. Although bacteria have long been known to be sensitive to their mechanical environment, understanding the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology has been limited by their small size (∼1 μm). However, advancements in micro- and nano-scale technologies over the past few years have increasingly made it possible to rigorously examine the mechanical stress and strain within individual bacteria. Here, we review the methods currently used to examine bacteria from a mechanical perspective, including the subcellular structures in bacteria and how they differ from those in mammalian cells, as well as micro- and nanomechanical approaches to studying bacteria, and studies showing the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology. Recent findings indicate a large range in mechanical properties of bacteria and show that physical forces can have a profound effect on bacterial survival, growth, biofilm formation, and resistance to toxins and antibiotics. Advances in the field of bacterial biomechanics have the potential to lead to novel antibacterial strategies, biotechnology approaches, and applications in synthetic biology.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135585 |
| spellingShingle | Christine E. Harper Christopher J. Hernandez Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities APL Bioengineering |
| title | Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities |
| title_full | Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities |
| title_fullStr | Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities |
| title_short | Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities |
| title_sort | cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria challenges and opportunities |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135585 |
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