| Summary: | This study aimed to assess the genetic variability, heritability, genetic gain and trait relationships of sixteen biometrical
characteristics in a collection of eighty-nine rice cultivars, landraces and exotic lines. The focus was on understanding
the degree of genetic divergence and identifying traits with high selection potential. The analysis revealed that economic
yield improving traits like single plant yield, filled grains per panicle and total number of productive tillers showed
high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic gain implying the predominance of additive gene action and these traits
can be given importance in selection and genetic advancement for yield improvement. Days to 50% flowering, plant
height, total number of productive tillers, filled grains per panicle and thousand grain weight showed notable significant
associations with single plant yield, with direct effects, asserting that these traits were most efficient and promising
for selection. Cluster analysis revealed two clusters with cluster 1 mostly occupied by elite cultivars and cluster 2
occupied mostly by landraces and exotic lines. This information can be valuable for further studies and breeding
programs, allowing researchers to focus on specific clusters for targeted genetic improvement or conservation efforts.
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