A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents
This work aims to investigate the effect of process temperature and catalyst content by pyrolysis and thermal catalytic cracking of (organic matter + paper) fraction from municipal household solid waste (MHSW) on the yields of reaction products (bio-oil, bio-char, H<sub>2</sub>O, and gas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7971 |
| _version_ | 1827646709762621440 |
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| author | Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção Diogo Oliveira Pereira Jéssica Cristina Conte da Silva Jorge Fernando Hungria Ferreira Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra Lucas Pinto Bernar Caio Campos Ferreira Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa Lia Martins Pereira Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz Marcelo Costa Santos Raise Brenda Pinheiro Ferreira Beatriz Rocha Coqueiro Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida Neyson Martins Mendonça José Almir Rodrigues Pereira Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro Sergio Duvoisin Antônio Augusto Martins Pereira Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges Nélio Teixeira Machado |
| author_facet | Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção Diogo Oliveira Pereira Jéssica Cristina Conte da Silva Jorge Fernando Hungria Ferreira Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra Lucas Pinto Bernar Caio Campos Ferreira Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa Lia Martins Pereira Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz Marcelo Costa Santos Raise Brenda Pinheiro Ferreira Beatriz Rocha Coqueiro Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida Neyson Martins Mendonça José Almir Rodrigues Pereira Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro Sergio Duvoisin Antônio Augusto Martins Pereira Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges Nélio Teixeira Machado |
| author_sort | Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work aims to investigate the effect of process temperature and catalyst content by pyrolysis and thermal catalytic cracking of (organic matter + paper) fraction from municipal household solid waste (MHSW) on the yields of reaction products (bio-oil, bio-char, H<sub>2</sub>O, and gas), acid value, chemical composition of bio-oils, and characterization of bio-chars in laboratory scale. The collecting sectors of MHSW in the municipality of Belém-Pará-Brazil were chosen based on geographic and socio-economic database. The MHSW collected and transported to the segregation area. The gravimetric analysis of MHSW was carried out and the fractions (<i>Paper</i>, <i>Cardboard</i>, <i>Tetra Pack</i>, <i>Hard Plastic</i>, <i>Soft Plastic</i>, <i>Metal</i>, <i>Glass</i>, <i>Organic Matter</i>, and <i>Inert</i>) were separated. The selected organic matter and paper were submitted to pre-treatment of crushing, drying, and sieving. The experiments carried out at 400, 450, and 475 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, and at 475 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0% (wt.) Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, in batch mode. The bio-oil was characterized for acid value. The chemical functions present in bio-oil were identified by FT-IR and the composition was identified by GC-MS. The bio-char was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD. The variance in mass (wt.%) for organic fractions of municipal household solid waste (OFMHSW), <i>between 56.21 and 67.45% (wt.)</i>, lies with the interval of 56% (wt.) and 64% (wt.) of OFMHSW for middle- and low-income countries. The pyrolysis of MHSW fraction (organic matter + paper) shows bio-oil yields between 2.63 and 9.41% (wt.), aqueous phase yields between 28.58 and 35.08% (wt.), solid phase yields between 35.29 and 45.75% (wt.), and gas yields between 16.54 and 26.72% (wt.). The bio-oil yield increases with pyrolysis temperature. For the catalytic cracking, the bio-oil and gas yields increase slightly with CaO content, while that of bio-char decreases, and the H<sub>2</sub>O phase remains constant. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, alcohols, phenols, and aldehydes), as well as compounds containing nitrogen, including amides and amines. The acidity of bio-oil decreases with increasing process temperature and with aid Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> as a catalyst. The concentration of hydrocarbons in bio-oil increases with increasing Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>-to-OFMHSW fraction ratio due to the catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acid molecules, by means of decarboxylation/decarbonylation, producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:07:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4528c39e4db443fb9b8a0ebdc07bd9f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:07:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4528c39e4db443fb9b8a0ebdc07bd9f72023-11-24T04:29:47ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-10-011521797110.3390/en15217971A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-AdsorbentsFernanda Paula da Costa Assunção0Diogo Oliveira Pereira1Jéssica Cristina Conte da Silva2Jorge Fernando Hungria Ferreira3Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra4Lucas Pinto Bernar5Caio Campos Ferreira6Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa7Lia Martins Pereira8Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz9Marcelo Costa Santos10Raise Brenda Pinheiro Ferreira11Beatriz Rocha Coqueiro12Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida13Neyson Martins Mendonça14José Almir Rodrigues Pereira15Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota16Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro17Sergio Duvoisin18Antônio Augusto Martins Pereira19Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges20Nélio Teixeira Machado21Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilGraduate Program of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Folha 31, Quadra 7, Lote Especial-Nova Marabá, Marabá 68507-590, BrazilDepartment of Engineering, Lutheran University Center of Manaus (CEULM/ULBRA), Avenida Carlos Drummond de Andrade N°. 1460, Manaus 69077-730, BrazilFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas–UEA, Avenida Darcy Vargas N°. 1200, Manaus 69050-020, BrazilLaboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Militar de Engenharia–IME, Praça General Tibúrcio N°. 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, BrazilLaboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Militar de Engenharia–IME, Praça General Tibúrcio N°. 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, BrazilGraduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilThis work aims to investigate the effect of process temperature and catalyst content by pyrolysis and thermal catalytic cracking of (organic matter + paper) fraction from municipal household solid waste (MHSW) on the yields of reaction products (bio-oil, bio-char, H<sub>2</sub>O, and gas), acid value, chemical composition of bio-oils, and characterization of bio-chars in laboratory scale. The collecting sectors of MHSW in the municipality of Belém-Pará-Brazil were chosen based on geographic and socio-economic database. The MHSW collected and transported to the segregation area. The gravimetric analysis of MHSW was carried out and the fractions (<i>Paper</i>, <i>Cardboard</i>, <i>Tetra Pack</i>, <i>Hard Plastic</i>, <i>Soft Plastic</i>, <i>Metal</i>, <i>Glass</i>, <i>Organic Matter</i>, and <i>Inert</i>) were separated. The selected organic matter and paper were submitted to pre-treatment of crushing, drying, and sieving. The experiments carried out at 400, 450, and 475 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, and at 475 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0% (wt.) Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, in batch mode. The bio-oil was characterized for acid value. The chemical functions present in bio-oil were identified by FT-IR and the composition was identified by GC-MS. The bio-char was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD. The variance in mass (wt.%) for organic fractions of municipal household solid waste (OFMHSW), <i>between 56.21 and 67.45% (wt.)</i>, lies with the interval of 56% (wt.) and 64% (wt.) of OFMHSW for middle- and low-income countries. The pyrolysis of MHSW fraction (organic matter + paper) shows bio-oil yields between 2.63 and 9.41% (wt.), aqueous phase yields between 28.58 and 35.08% (wt.), solid phase yields between 35.29 and 45.75% (wt.), and gas yields between 16.54 and 26.72% (wt.). The bio-oil yield increases with pyrolysis temperature. For the catalytic cracking, the bio-oil and gas yields increase slightly with CaO content, while that of bio-char decreases, and the H<sub>2</sub>O phase remains constant. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, alcohols, phenols, and aldehydes), as well as compounds containing nitrogen, including amides and amines. The acidity of bio-oil decreases with increasing process temperature and with aid Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> as a catalyst. The concentration of hydrocarbons in bio-oil increases with increasing Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>-to-OFMHSW fraction ratio due to the catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acid molecules, by means of decarboxylation/decarbonylation, producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7971MHSWorganic fraction from MHSWthermal processingbio-char characterizationbio-oil: liquid hydrocarbons |
| spellingShingle | Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção Diogo Oliveira Pereira Jéssica Cristina Conte da Silva Jorge Fernando Hungria Ferreira Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra Lucas Pinto Bernar Caio Campos Ferreira Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa Lia Martins Pereira Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz Marcelo Costa Santos Raise Brenda Pinheiro Ferreira Beatriz Rocha Coqueiro Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida Neyson Martins Mendonça José Almir Rodrigues Pereira Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro Sergio Duvoisin Antônio Augusto Martins Pereira Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges Nélio Teixeira Machado A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents Energies MHSW organic fraction from MHSW thermal processing bio-char characterization bio-oil: liquid hydrocarbons |
| title | A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents |
| title_full | A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents |
| title_fullStr | A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents |
| title_short | A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents |
| title_sort | systematic approach to thermochemical treatment of municipal household solid waste into valuable products analysis of routes gravimetric analysis pre treatment of solid mixtures thermochemical processes and characterization of bio oils and bio adsorbents |
| topic | MHSW organic fraction from MHSW thermal processing bio-char characterization bio-oil: liquid hydrocarbons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7971 |
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