| Summary: | New sources of resistance to fungal diseases, including FHB (Fusarium head blight), need to be identified. The results of research investigating ancient wheat species with desirable traits appear promising. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., <i>F</i>. <i>graminearum</i> Schwabe, <i>F. poae</i> (Peck) Wollenw, <i>F. avenaceum</i> (Fr.) Sacc. and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Torp & Nirenberg in the grain and glumes of diploid <i>Triticum monococcum</i> ssp. <i>monococcum</i>, tetraploid <i>T. turgidum</i> ssp. <i>dicoccum</i>, <i>T. turgidum</i> ssp. <i>polonicum</i> and <i>T. turgidum</i> ssp. <i>durum,</i> and hexaploid <i>T. aestivum</i> ssp. <i>spelta</i> and <i>T. aestivum</i> ssp. <i>aestivum</i> grown in north-eastern and south-eastern Poland and to analyze the trichothecene genotypes of the isolated strains. The results of this study also point to shifts in the genotype of Polish <i>F</i>. <i>culmorum</i> and <i>F. graminearum</i> populations from 3-ADON to NIV and 15-ADON to 3-ADON genotypes, respectively. Our findings indicate that selected einkorn lines could potentially be used as sources of genetic material for breeding new varieties resistant to FHB. The fungal genotypes should be closely screened in Poland and the neighboring countries to assess the effects of potential genotypes profile change on fungal virulence, toxin loading and host specificity.
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