From the Friend to the Foe—<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System
<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> is a bacterium which accompanies us from the first days of our life. As a commensal it produces vitamins, metabolizes nutrients, and maintains intestinal pH. All of that happens in exchange for a niche to inhabit. It is not surprising then, that the bacterium...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2422 |
| _version_ | 1797297932855148544 |
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| author | Agnieszka Daca Tomasz Jarzembowski |
| author_facet | Agnieszka Daca Tomasz Jarzembowski |
| author_sort | Agnieszka Daca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> is a bacterium which accompanies us from the first days of our life. As a commensal it produces vitamins, metabolizes nutrients, and maintains intestinal pH. All of that happens in exchange for a niche to inhabit. It is not surprising then, that the bacterium was and is used as an element of many probiotics and its positive impact on the human immune system and the body in general is hard to ignore. This bacterium has also a dark side though. The plasticity and relative ease with which one acquires virulence traits, and the ability to hide from or even deceive and use the immune system to spread throughout the body make <i>E. faecalis</i> a more and more dangerous opponent. The statistics clearly show its increasing role, especially in the case of nosocomial infections. Here we present the summarization of current knowledge about <i>E. faecalis</i>, especially in the context of its relations with the human immune system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:28:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-454dc212a2bb48f9b8ebd8cce46c7a95 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:28:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-454dc212a2bb48f9b8ebd8cce46c7a952024-02-23T15:20:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-02-01254242210.3390/ijms25042422From the Friend to the Foe—<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Diverse Impact on the Human Immune SystemAgnieszka Daca0Tomasz Jarzembowski1Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> is a bacterium which accompanies us from the first days of our life. As a commensal it produces vitamins, metabolizes nutrients, and maintains intestinal pH. All of that happens in exchange for a niche to inhabit. It is not surprising then, that the bacterium was and is used as an element of many probiotics and its positive impact on the human immune system and the body in general is hard to ignore. This bacterium has also a dark side though. The plasticity and relative ease with which one acquires virulence traits, and the ability to hide from or even deceive and use the immune system to spread throughout the body make <i>E. faecalis</i> a more and more dangerous opponent. The statistics clearly show its increasing role, especially in the case of nosocomial infections. Here we present the summarization of current knowledge about <i>E. faecalis</i>, especially in the context of its relations with the human immune system.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2422<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>commensalimmune systeminflammationinfection |
| spellingShingle | Agnieszka Daca Tomasz Jarzembowski From the Friend to the Foe—<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> commensal immune system inflammation infection |
| title | From the Friend to the Foe—<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System |
| title_full | From the Friend to the Foe—<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System |
| title_fullStr | From the Friend to the Foe—<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System |
| title_full_unstemmed | From the Friend to the Foe—<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System |
| title_short | From the Friend to the Foe—<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System |
| title_sort | from the friend to the foe i enterococcus faecalis i diverse impact on the human immune system |
| topic | <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> commensal immune system inflammation infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2422 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT agnieszkadaca fromthefriendtothefoeienterococcusfaecalisidiverseimpactonthehumanimmunesystem AT tomaszjarzembowski fromthefriendtothefoeienterococcusfaecalisidiverseimpactonthehumanimmunesystem |