Quantifying out-of-station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systems
Metro systems in megacities such as Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou are under great passenger demand pressure. During peak hours, it is common to see oversaturated conditions (i.e., passenger demand exceeds network capacity) and a popular control intervention is to restrict the entering rate by set...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Communications in Transportation Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772424722000026 |
| _version_ | 1811219895249010688 |
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| author | Kangli Zhu Zhanhong Cheng Jianjun Wu Fuya Yuan Lijun Sun |
| author_facet | Kangli Zhu Zhanhong Cheng Jianjun Wu Fuya Yuan Lijun Sun |
| author_sort | Kangli Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metro systems in megacities such as Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou are under great passenger demand pressure. During peak hours, it is common to see oversaturated conditions (i.e., passenger demand exceeds network capacity) and a popular control intervention is to restrict the entering rate by setting up out-of-station queueing with crowd control barriers. The out-of-station waiting can make up a substantial proportion of total travel time but is often ignored in the literature. Quantifying out-of-station waiting is important to evaluating the social benefit and cost of metro services; however, out-of-station waiting is difficult to estimate because it leaves no trace in smart card transactions of metros. In this study, we estimate the out-of-station waiting time by leveraging the information from a small group of transfer passengers—those who transfer from nearby bus routes to the metro station. Based on the transfer interval of this small group, we infer the out-of-station waiting time for all passengers by a Gaussian Process regression and then use the estimated out-of-station waiting time to build queueing diagrams. We apply our method to the Tiantongyuan North station of Beijing metro; results show that the maximum out-of-station waiting time can reach 15 min, and the maximum queue length can be over 3000 passengers. We find out-of-station waiting can cause significant travel costs and thus should be considered in analyzing transit performance, mode choice, and social benefits. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first quantitative study for out-of-station waiting time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:32:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45559258a9d1424a9d6cc008d6ab3cd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-4247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:32:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Communications in Transportation Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-45559258a9d1424a9d6cc008d6ab3cd02022-12-22T03:42:01ZengElsevierCommunications in Transportation Research2772-42472022-12-012100052Quantifying out-of-station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systemsKangli Zhu0Zhanhong Cheng1Jianjun Wu2Fuya Yuan3Lijun Sun4Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, CanadaState Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada; Corresponding author.Metro systems in megacities such as Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou are under great passenger demand pressure. During peak hours, it is common to see oversaturated conditions (i.e., passenger demand exceeds network capacity) and a popular control intervention is to restrict the entering rate by setting up out-of-station queueing with crowd control barriers. The out-of-station waiting can make up a substantial proportion of total travel time but is often ignored in the literature. Quantifying out-of-station waiting is important to evaluating the social benefit and cost of metro services; however, out-of-station waiting is difficult to estimate because it leaves no trace in smart card transactions of metros. In this study, we estimate the out-of-station waiting time by leveraging the information from a small group of transfer passengers—those who transfer from nearby bus routes to the metro station. Based on the transfer interval of this small group, we infer the out-of-station waiting time for all passengers by a Gaussian Process regression and then use the estimated out-of-station waiting time to build queueing diagrams. We apply our method to the Tiantongyuan North station of Beijing metro; results show that the maximum out-of-station waiting time can reach 15 min, and the maximum queue length can be over 3000 passengers. We find out-of-station waiting can cause significant travel costs and thus should be considered in analyzing transit performance, mode choice, and social benefits. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first quantitative study for out-of-station waiting time.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772424722000026Metro waiting timeSmart card dataPublic transportCrowd managementGaussian processes |
| spellingShingle | Kangli Zhu Zhanhong Cheng Jianjun Wu Fuya Yuan Lijun Sun Quantifying out-of-station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systems Communications in Transportation Research Metro waiting time Smart card data Public transport Crowd management Gaussian processes |
| title | Quantifying out-of-station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systems |
| title_full | Quantifying out-of-station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systems |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying out-of-station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying out-of-station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systems |
| title_short | Quantifying out-of-station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systems |
| title_sort | quantifying out of station waiting time in oversaturated urban metro systems |
| topic | Metro waiting time Smart card data Public transport Crowd management Gaussian processes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772424722000026 |
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