Evaluation of the Effect of WRF Physical Parameterizations on Typhoon and Wave Simulation in the Taiwan Strait
Typhoons and typhoon waves can cause disasters in coastal areas around the world. The Taiwan Strait often experiences typhoons, especially in summer. Numerical models have been adopted to predict typhoons and reduce losses. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used in typhoon s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/8/1526 |
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| author | Chenghan Luo Shaoping Shang Yanshuang Xie Zhigang He Guomei Wei Feng Zhang Lei Wang |
| author_facet | Chenghan Luo Shaoping Shang Yanshuang Xie Zhigang He Guomei Wei Feng Zhang Lei Wang |
| author_sort | Chenghan Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Typhoons and typhoon waves can cause disasters in coastal areas around the world. The Taiwan Strait often experiences typhoons, especially in summer. Numerical models have been adopted to predict typhoons and reduce losses. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used in typhoon simulations, and the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model performs well in wave simulations. However, significant uncertainty remains in terms of choosing suitable WRF physical parameterizations in different situations. To evaluate the effect of WRF physical parameterizations on wind and wave simulations, 27 simulation experiments were designed. Three typhoon events (Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti) with different tracks that influenced the Taiwan Strait were simulated. Three parameters (wind speed, wind direction and significant wave height) were assessed using Taylor diagrams, and it was found that the best simulation experiment changed according to typhoon tracks and physical parameters. In wind speed simulation, the best simulation experiment is 12 for typhoon Dujuan and 19 for typhoon Goni and Meranti. From the perspective of wind direction simulation, experiments 26, 23, and 2 performed best for typhoons Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti. And experiments 19, 1, and 20 had the best performances in significant wave height simulation for typhoons Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti. The WRF-SWAN model using the best simulation experiment reduced the error and exhibited good performance in the wind and wave simulations. Skill scores of three parameters were all over 70 for typhoon Goni and 80 for typhoon Dujuan and Meranti. The applicability of the best simulation experiments was demonstrated in typhoon simulations with similar tracks. The accuracy of the wave simulation depended on wind speed, wind direction, and their interaction. In addition, a scheme’s sensitivity changed with different typhoon tracks. This study provides references for designing physical parameterizations for use with the WRF-SWAN model, which may help to simulate typhoons and typhoon waves in the Taiwan Strait more accurately in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:26:00Z |
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| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:26:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-455820afcc1b4018a04e240b3a0ef0f72023-11-17T21:48:23ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-04-01158152610.3390/w15081526Evaluation of the Effect of WRF Physical Parameterizations on Typhoon and Wave Simulation in the Taiwan StraitChenghan Luo0Shaoping Shang1Yanshuang Xie2Zhigang He3Guomei Wei4Feng Zhang5Lei Wang6College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electonic Information Enginerring, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350100, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaTyphoons and typhoon waves can cause disasters in coastal areas around the world. The Taiwan Strait often experiences typhoons, especially in summer. Numerical models have been adopted to predict typhoons and reduce losses. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used in typhoon simulations, and the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model performs well in wave simulations. However, significant uncertainty remains in terms of choosing suitable WRF physical parameterizations in different situations. To evaluate the effect of WRF physical parameterizations on wind and wave simulations, 27 simulation experiments were designed. Three typhoon events (Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti) with different tracks that influenced the Taiwan Strait were simulated. Three parameters (wind speed, wind direction and significant wave height) were assessed using Taylor diagrams, and it was found that the best simulation experiment changed according to typhoon tracks and physical parameters. In wind speed simulation, the best simulation experiment is 12 for typhoon Dujuan and 19 for typhoon Goni and Meranti. From the perspective of wind direction simulation, experiments 26, 23, and 2 performed best for typhoons Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti. And experiments 19, 1, and 20 had the best performances in significant wave height simulation for typhoons Goni, Dujuan, and Meranti. The WRF-SWAN model using the best simulation experiment reduced the error and exhibited good performance in the wind and wave simulations. Skill scores of three parameters were all over 70 for typhoon Goni and 80 for typhoon Dujuan and Meranti. The applicability of the best simulation experiments was demonstrated in typhoon simulations with similar tracks. The accuracy of the wave simulation depended on wind speed, wind direction, and their interaction. In addition, a scheme’s sensitivity changed with different typhoon tracks. This study provides references for designing physical parameterizations for use with the WRF-SWAN model, which may help to simulate typhoons and typhoon waves in the Taiwan Strait more accurately in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/8/1526WRF-SWANphysical parameterizationstyphoonsignificant wave heightbuoy observation |
| spellingShingle | Chenghan Luo Shaoping Shang Yanshuang Xie Zhigang He Guomei Wei Feng Zhang Lei Wang Evaluation of the Effect of WRF Physical Parameterizations on Typhoon and Wave Simulation in the Taiwan Strait Water WRF-SWAN physical parameterizations typhoon significant wave height buoy observation |
| title | Evaluation of the Effect of WRF Physical Parameterizations on Typhoon and Wave Simulation in the Taiwan Strait |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Effect of WRF Physical Parameterizations on Typhoon and Wave Simulation in the Taiwan Strait |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Effect of WRF Physical Parameterizations on Typhoon and Wave Simulation in the Taiwan Strait |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Effect of WRF Physical Parameterizations on Typhoon and Wave Simulation in the Taiwan Strait |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Effect of WRF Physical Parameterizations on Typhoon and Wave Simulation in the Taiwan Strait |
| title_sort | evaluation of the effect of wrf physical parameterizations on typhoon and wave simulation in the taiwan strait |
| topic | WRF-SWAN physical parameterizations typhoon significant wave height buoy observation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/8/1526 |
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