HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk
Evidence from previous studies has shown that exposure to metals is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between metal mixtures and CVD risk and the potential mechanisms in epidemiologic studies remain unclear. The data of 14,795 adults who participated in the U.S....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651320312707 |
| _version_ | 1819315646530322432 |
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| author | Cheng Xu Zhenkun Weng Liye Zhang Jin Xu Maginsh Dahal Til Bahadur Basnet Aihua Gu |
| author_facet | Cheng Xu Zhenkun Weng Liye Zhang Jin Xu Maginsh Dahal Til Bahadur Basnet Aihua Gu |
| author_sort | Cheng Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Evidence from previous studies has shown that exposure to metals is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between metal mixtures and CVD risk and the potential mechanisms in epidemiologic studies remain unclear. The data of 14,795 adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2016 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the associations between urinary metal levels and CVDs. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was performed to examine the effects of mixed metals on CVDs. Multivariate linear regression and mediation analysis were conducted to explore the associations between metals and blood lipids. Urinary cadmium (Cd) was significantly associated with an increased total CVD risk and with individual CVD risk. The odds ratio (OR) for CVD in the highest quartile of the WQS index was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19, 1.71). One augmented urinary Cd concentration unit (Log10) was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL decrease in HDL cholesterol, a 1.34 mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol and a 1.30 mg/dL increase in total cholesterol in the fully adjusted model. Mediation analysis showed that HDL cholesterol mediated 4.91% of the association between urinary Cd and the prevalence of CVD. Our findings suggest that urinary Cd and metal mixtures were significantly and positively associated with CVD. The downregulation of HDL cholesterol might play a significant role in mediating Cd exposure-associated CVD risk increases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T10:03:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-455a027f0c0047718ca88fb9c8ee0385 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T10:03:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-455a027f0c0047718ca88fb9c8ee03852022-12-21T17:00:56ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132021-01-01208111433HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease riskCheng Xu0Zhenkun Weng1Liye Zhang2Jin Xu3Maginsh Dahal4Til Bahadur Basnet5Aihua Gu6State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Corresponding author at: School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.Evidence from previous studies has shown that exposure to metals is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between metal mixtures and CVD risk and the potential mechanisms in epidemiologic studies remain unclear. The data of 14,795 adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2016 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the associations between urinary metal levels and CVDs. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was performed to examine the effects of mixed metals on CVDs. Multivariate linear regression and mediation analysis were conducted to explore the associations between metals and blood lipids. Urinary cadmium (Cd) was significantly associated with an increased total CVD risk and with individual CVD risk. The odds ratio (OR) for CVD in the highest quartile of the WQS index was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19, 1.71). One augmented urinary Cd concentration unit (Log10) was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL decrease in HDL cholesterol, a 1.34 mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol and a 1.30 mg/dL increase in total cholesterol in the fully adjusted model. Mediation analysis showed that HDL cholesterol mediated 4.91% of the association between urinary Cd and the prevalence of CVD. Our findings suggest that urinary Cd and metal mixtures were significantly and positively associated with CVD. The downregulation of HDL cholesterol might play a significant role in mediating Cd exposure-associated CVD risk increases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651320312707Cardiovascular diseaseCadmiumNHANESWQSMediation analysis |
| spellingShingle | Cheng Xu Zhenkun Weng Liye Zhang Jin Xu Maginsh Dahal Til Bahadur Basnet Aihua Gu HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Cardiovascular disease Cadmium NHANES WQS Mediation analysis |
| title | HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk |
| title_full | HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk |
| title_fullStr | HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk |
| title_full_unstemmed | HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk |
| title_short | HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk |
| title_sort | hdl cholesterol a potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk |
| topic | Cardiovascular disease Cadmium NHANES WQS Mediation analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651320312707 |
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