Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation
The aim of the current research work was to prepare Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels by the free-radical polymerization technique. Various concentrations of carbopol, acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were employed for the fabrication of Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. Four...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/11/399 |
| _version_ | 1827702036696662016 |
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| author | Muhammad Suhail Pao-Chu Wu Muhammad Usman Minhas |
| author_facet | Muhammad Suhail Pao-Chu Wu Muhammad Usman Minhas |
| author_sort | Muhammad Suhail |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the current research work was to prepare Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels by the free-radical polymerization technique. Various concentrations of carbopol, acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were employed for the fabrication of Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) studies were performed to know the structural arrangement, thermal stability, physical appearance and amorphous network of developed hydrogels. FTIR analysis revealed that carbopol reacted with acrylic acid during the process of polymerization and confirmed the grafting of acrylic acid over the backbone of carbopol. TGA and DSC studies showed that developed hydrogels were thermally stable. Surface morphology was analyzed by SEM, which confirmed a porous network of hydrogels. PXRD analysis indicated that crystallinity of the drug was reduced by the amorphous network of hydrogels. Furthermore, swelling studies for all developed hydrogels were performed at both media, i.e., pH 1.2 and 7.4, and higher swelling was exhibited at pH 7.4. Sol–gel analysis was performed to evaluate the soluble unreacted part of the fabricated hydrogels. Similarly, an in-vitro study was conducted for all hydrogel formulations at both acidic (pH 1.2) and basic (pH 7.4) mediums, and a greater drug release was observed at pH 7.4. Different kinetics such as zero-order, first-order, the Higuchi model and the Korsmeyer–Peppas model were applied to know the mechanism of release order of drugs from the hydrogels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:47:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-455e588907f94ca683f242a6018623d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:47:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-455e588907f94ca683f242a6018623d12023-11-20T21:13:27ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472020-11-01131139910.3390/ph13110399Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro EvaluationMuhammad Suhail0Pao-Chu Wu1Muhammad Usman Minhas2School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 80708, TaiwanSchool of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 80708, TaiwanCollege of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanThe aim of the current research work was to prepare Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels by the free-radical polymerization technique. Various concentrations of carbopol, acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were employed for the fabrication of Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) studies were performed to know the structural arrangement, thermal stability, physical appearance and amorphous network of developed hydrogels. FTIR analysis revealed that carbopol reacted with acrylic acid during the process of polymerization and confirmed the grafting of acrylic acid over the backbone of carbopol. TGA and DSC studies showed that developed hydrogels were thermally stable. Surface morphology was analyzed by SEM, which confirmed a porous network of hydrogels. PXRD analysis indicated that crystallinity of the drug was reduced by the amorphous network of hydrogels. Furthermore, swelling studies for all developed hydrogels were performed at both media, i.e., pH 1.2 and 7.4, and higher swelling was exhibited at pH 7.4. Sol–gel analysis was performed to evaluate the soluble unreacted part of the fabricated hydrogels. Similarly, an in-vitro study was conducted for all hydrogel formulations at both acidic (pH 1.2) and basic (pH 7.4) mediums, and a greater drug release was observed at pH 7.4. Different kinetics such as zero-order, first-order, the Higuchi model and the Korsmeyer–Peppas model were applied to know the mechanism of release order of drugs from the hydrogels.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/11/399hydrogelscarbopoldiclofenac sodiumin-vitro study |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Suhail Pao-Chu Wu Muhammad Usman Minhas Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation Pharmaceuticals hydrogels carbopol diclofenac sodium in-vitro study |
| title | Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation |
| title_full | Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation |
| title_short | Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation |
| title_sort | using carbomer based hydrogels for control the release rate of diclofenac sodium preparation and in vitro evaluation |
| topic | hydrogels carbopol diclofenac sodium in-vitro study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/11/399 |
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