TLR4/NFκB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effect of Hexanic and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells
Mastitis is the commonest disease of bovines imposing a great economic setback and a drastic public health concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance is the preliminary con of excessive antibiotics use for disease treatment. Studies validate an alarming increase in the antibiotic resistance of both hu...
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2022-12-01
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| author | Insha Amin Shahzada Mudasir Rashid Sheikh Shubeena Ishraq Hussain Sheikh Bilal Ahmad Manzoor Ur Rahman Mir Sultan Alshehri Sarah I. Bukhari Tahir Maqbool Mir Muneeb U. Rehman |
| author_facet | Insha Amin Shahzada Mudasir Rashid Sheikh Shubeena Ishraq Hussain Sheikh Bilal Ahmad Manzoor Ur Rahman Mir Sultan Alshehri Sarah I. Bukhari Tahir Maqbool Mir Muneeb U. Rehman |
| author_sort | Insha Amin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mastitis is the commonest disease of bovines imposing a great economic setback and a drastic public health concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance is the preliminary con of excessive antibiotics use for disease treatment. Studies validate an alarming increase in the antibiotic resistance of both humans and animals. For ages, medicinal plants have been used to treat a number of ailments in humans and animals, including mastitis. <i>Curcuma longa</i>, or turmeric, is the prerequisite in Indian cooking and has been used in traditional medicine for its magical properties. The rhizome of <i>C. longa</i> possesses significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidative properties. In the current study, we evaluated the hexanic and ethanolic extracts of <i>C. longa</i> for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential against LPS-induced inflammation in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs). Pretreatment with the extracts downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα via the TLR4/NFκB-mediated signaling pathway. However, IL-6 was downregulated in only the hexanic <i>C. longa</i>-pretreated group. A significant upregulation of NRF2 mRNA expression was seen in both hexanic- and ethanolic-treated groups. A GC-MS/MS study of the extracts revealed the presence of important sesqueterpenoids and phenolics as the main bioactive phytoconstituents in the extracts. Sesqueterpenoids, such as turmerone, ar-turmerone, curlone, and atlantone, and phenols, such as guaiacol (2-Hydroxyanisole phenol, 2-methoxy), and ethyl ferulate/ethyl 4′-hydroxy-3′methoxycinnamate, were found in <i>C. longa</i> extracts. The protective role of <i>C. longa</i> in BuMECs against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidant insult might be due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as terpenoid and phenolic compounds. However, we further propose the isolation of these phytoconstituents and their analysis using HPLC and NMR studies. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-455f24c8b6de499f9021bcfb6430077c2023-11-24T17:59:41ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392022-12-0191241410.3390/separations9120414TLR4/NFκB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effect of Hexanic and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial CellsInsha Amin0Shahzada Mudasir Rashid1Sheikh Shubeena2Ishraq Hussain3Sheikh Bilal Ahmad4Manzoor Ur Rahman Mir5Sultan Alshehri6Sarah I. Bukhari7Tahir Maqbool Mir8Muneeb U. Rehman9Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDivision of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDivision of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDivision of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDivision of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaNational Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USADepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaMastitis is the commonest disease of bovines imposing a great economic setback and a drastic public health concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance is the preliminary con of excessive antibiotics use for disease treatment. Studies validate an alarming increase in the antibiotic resistance of both humans and animals. For ages, medicinal plants have been used to treat a number of ailments in humans and animals, including mastitis. <i>Curcuma longa</i>, or turmeric, is the prerequisite in Indian cooking and has been used in traditional medicine for its magical properties. The rhizome of <i>C. longa</i> possesses significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidative properties. In the current study, we evaluated the hexanic and ethanolic extracts of <i>C. longa</i> for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential against LPS-induced inflammation in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs). Pretreatment with the extracts downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα via the TLR4/NFκB-mediated signaling pathway. However, IL-6 was downregulated in only the hexanic <i>C. longa</i>-pretreated group. A significant upregulation of NRF2 mRNA expression was seen in both hexanic- and ethanolic-treated groups. A GC-MS/MS study of the extracts revealed the presence of important sesqueterpenoids and phenolics as the main bioactive phytoconstituents in the extracts. Sesqueterpenoids, such as turmerone, ar-turmerone, curlone, and atlantone, and phenols, such as guaiacol (2-Hydroxyanisole phenol, 2-methoxy), and ethyl ferulate/ethyl 4′-hydroxy-3′methoxycinnamate, were found in <i>C. longa</i> extracts. The protective role of <i>C. longa</i> in BuMECs against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidant insult might be due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as terpenoid and phenolic compounds. However, we further propose the isolation of these phytoconstituents and their analysis using HPLC and NMR studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/12/414mastitisBuMECsROSTLR4inflammationLPS |
| spellingShingle | Insha Amin Shahzada Mudasir Rashid Sheikh Shubeena Ishraq Hussain Sheikh Bilal Ahmad Manzoor Ur Rahman Mir Sultan Alshehri Sarah I. Bukhari Tahir Maqbool Mir Muneeb U. Rehman TLR4/NFκB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effect of Hexanic and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells Separations mastitis BuMECs ROS TLR4 inflammation LPS |
| title | TLR4/NFκB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effect of Hexanic and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | TLR4/NFκB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effect of Hexanic and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | TLR4/NFκB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effect of Hexanic and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | TLR4/NFκB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effect of Hexanic and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | TLR4/NFκB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effect of Hexanic and Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | tlr4 nfκb mediated anti inflammatory and antioxidative effect of hexanic and ethanolic extracts of i curcuma longa i l in buffalo mammary epithelial cells |
| topic | mastitis BuMECs ROS TLR4 inflammation LPS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/12/414 |
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