Development of a bench-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat-flux exposures
Thermal protective clothing protects emergency responders from fire hazards. The thermal protective performance of the multi-layer fabric is standardly evaluated at the average value of a 1–3-cal/(cm 2 s)-intensity range. Considering the magnitude of modern fire events, the range’s upper limit (3 ca...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Measurement + Control |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940211064197 |
| _version_ | 1818063359403098112 |
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| author | Minjae Kwon Sungwook Kang Joung Yoon Choi Rumeel Bhutta Sengkwan Choi |
| author_facet | Minjae Kwon Sungwook Kang Joung Yoon Choi Rumeel Bhutta Sengkwan Choi |
| author_sort | Minjae Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thermal protective clothing protects emergency responders from fire hazards. The thermal protective performance of the multi-layer fabric is standardly evaluated at the average value of a 1–3-cal/(cm 2 s)-intensity range. Considering the magnitude of modern fire events, the range’s upper limit (3 cal/(cm 2 s)) was proposed to take into account a critical radiation condition and a bench-scale apparatus, capable of creating the critical experimental environment, was developed in this study. This instrument includes a vertical configuration heater with an active water-cooling part, a vertical orientation specimen-assembly with a measuring part, a movable specimen-holder and thermal shields operated by pneumatic pumps, an exhaust hood connected to a pan, a data acquisition system, heating-power and mechanical equipment controllers and a computer with in-house burn-injury analysis software. A preliminary test was conducted to determine a specimen-assembly position that both optimised the heat-source power, heater-capability and apparatus-sustainability, and subsequently validated the uniformity and consistency of irradiance on the test sample. To conduct repeatable measurements, an in-house program was used to operate the heater, specimen assembly and thermal shields semi-automatically, in a sequence. The software includes an algorithm that allows one to analyse heat transfers across human-skin layers and to assess the degree of burn injuries. This paper outlines a comprehensive process of creating an experimental environment for samples that need to be exposed to a critical thermal condition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T14:18:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-455f34a133944bfdb1fc63d41a55b7bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0020-2940 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T14:18:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Measurement + Control |
| spelling | doaj.art-455f34a133944bfdb1fc63d41a55b7bd2022-12-22T01:45:15ZengSAGE PublishingMeasurement + Control0020-29402022-05-015510.1177/00202940211064197Development of a bench-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat-flux exposuresMinjae KwonSungwook KangJoung Yoon ChoiRumeel BhuttaSengkwan ChoiThermal protective clothing protects emergency responders from fire hazards. The thermal protective performance of the multi-layer fabric is standardly evaluated at the average value of a 1–3-cal/(cm 2 s)-intensity range. Considering the magnitude of modern fire events, the range’s upper limit (3 cal/(cm 2 s)) was proposed to take into account a critical radiation condition and a bench-scale apparatus, capable of creating the critical experimental environment, was developed in this study. This instrument includes a vertical configuration heater with an active water-cooling part, a vertical orientation specimen-assembly with a measuring part, a movable specimen-holder and thermal shields operated by pneumatic pumps, an exhaust hood connected to a pan, a data acquisition system, heating-power and mechanical equipment controllers and a computer with in-house burn-injury analysis software. A preliminary test was conducted to determine a specimen-assembly position that both optimised the heat-source power, heater-capability and apparatus-sustainability, and subsequently validated the uniformity and consistency of irradiance on the test sample. To conduct repeatable measurements, an in-house program was used to operate the heater, specimen assembly and thermal shields semi-automatically, in a sequence. The software includes an algorithm that allows one to analyse heat transfers across human-skin layers and to assess the degree of burn injuries. This paper outlines a comprehensive process of creating an experimental environment for samples that need to be exposed to a critical thermal condition.https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940211064197 |
| spellingShingle | Minjae Kwon Sungwook Kang Joung Yoon Choi Rumeel Bhutta Sengkwan Choi Development of a bench-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat-flux exposures Measurement + Control |
| title | Development of a bench-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat-flux exposures |
| title_full | Development of a bench-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat-flux exposures |
| title_fullStr | Development of a bench-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat-flux exposures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a bench-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat-flux exposures |
| title_short | Development of a bench-scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat-flux exposures |
| title_sort | development of a bench scale apparatus to assess thermal protective performance of garments under highly intensive heat flux exposures |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940211064197 |
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