Livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land-poor youth in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: do they correlate with livestock assets, trust, and trustworthiness?
Youth unemployment has been prevalent in Ethiopia. Over the past decades, efforts to rehabilitate degraded communal lands have been taking place in Ethiopia. This has created the opportunity to organize landless and land-poor youth and implement a policy of allocating rehabilitated lands for youth t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1175572/full |
| _version_ | 1797808324033380352 |
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| author | Mesfin Tilahun Mesfin Tilahun Stein T. Holden |
| author_facet | Mesfin Tilahun Mesfin Tilahun Stein T. Holden |
| author_sort | Mesfin Tilahun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Youth unemployment has been prevalent in Ethiopia. Over the past decades, efforts to rehabilitate degraded communal lands have been taking place in Ethiopia. This has created the opportunity to organize landless and land-poor youth and implement a policy of allocating rehabilitated lands for youth to engage in agriculture as a livelihood option. However, whether these rural youth will remain in agriculture or choose other livelihood options including migration, and how their trusting behaviors (trust and trustworthiness) and other factors influence their choices are worth investigating and are the aims of this study. This will help our understanding of what would incentivize the youth to enhance their livelihoods. We used data collected from samples of 1,138 youth group members in the 2016 survey and from 2,427 youth group members in the 2019 survey in five districts of the Tigray region of Northern Ethiopia. Our results from panel data multinomial logit and probit models show that the number of oxen, access to land in the land rental market, and income from youth group activity significantly correlated with youth group members' choices for livelihood options and planning for migrating out of the country. A higher number of oxen owned by the youth group members are associated with a higher likelihood that the youth choose agriculture as a livelihood. Youth group members with a larger number of oxen are also less likely to plan for migration. We also found that more trusting youth group members are more likely to choose off-farm employment relative to staying in agriculture than less trusting members. More trustworthy members are less likely to migrate and more likely to stay in agriculture because trustworthiness is associated with better access to land in the rental market. Thus, improving youth group members' access to land and their asset endowments such as oxen for increasing the productivity of youth group activity and hence income would incentivize youth group members to stay in agriculture and enhance youth group activity as a sustainable livelihood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:35:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45646c47a3da416c987223f2bacde7c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-581X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:35:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-45646c47a3da416c987223f2bacde7c12023-06-09T05:06:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2023-06-01710.3389/fsufs.2023.11755721175572Livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land-poor youth in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: do they correlate with livestock assets, trust, and trustworthiness?Mesfin Tilahun0Mesfin Tilahun1Stein T. Holden2School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, NorwayDepartment of Economics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, EthiopiaSchool of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, NorwayYouth unemployment has been prevalent in Ethiopia. Over the past decades, efforts to rehabilitate degraded communal lands have been taking place in Ethiopia. This has created the opportunity to organize landless and land-poor youth and implement a policy of allocating rehabilitated lands for youth to engage in agriculture as a livelihood option. However, whether these rural youth will remain in agriculture or choose other livelihood options including migration, and how their trusting behaviors (trust and trustworthiness) and other factors influence their choices are worth investigating and are the aims of this study. This will help our understanding of what would incentivize the youth to enhance their livelihoods. We used data collected from samples of 1,138 youth group members in the 2016 survey and from 2,427 youth group members in the 2019 survey in five districts of the Tigray region of Northern Ethiopia. Our results from panel data multinomial logit and probit models show that the number of oxen, access to land in the land rental market, and income from youth group activity significantly correlated with youth group members' choices for livelihood options and planning for migrating out of the country. A higher number of oxen owned by the youth group members are associated with a higher likelihood that the youth choose agriculture as a livelihood. Youth group members with a larger number of oxen are also less likely to plan for migration. We also found that more trusting youth group members are more likely to choose off-farm employment relative to staying in agriculture than less trusting members. More trustworthy members are less likely to migrate and more likely to stay in agriculture because trustworthiness is associated with better access to land in the rental market. Thus, improving youth group members' access to land and their asset endowments such as oxen for increasing the productivity of youth group activity and hence income would incentivize youth group members to stay in agriculture and enhance youth group activity as a sustainable livelihood.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1175572/fullyouthlivelihoodlivestockmigrationtrusttrustworthiness |
| spellingShingle | Mesfin Tilahun Mesfin Tilahun Stein T. Holden Livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land-poor youth in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: do they correlate with livestock assets, trust, and trustworthiness? Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems youth livelihood livestock migration trust trustworthiness |
| title | Livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land-poor youth in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: do they correlate with livestock assets, trust, and trustworthiness? |
| title_full | Livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land-poor youth in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: do they correlate with livestock assets, trust, and trustworthiness? |
| title_fullStr | Livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land-poor youth in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: do they correlate with livestock assets, trust, and trustworthiness? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land-poor youth in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: do they correlate with livestock assets, trust, and trustworthiness? |
| title_short | Livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land-poor youth in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: do they correlate with livestock assets, trust, and trustworthiness? |
| title_sort | livelihood diversification and migration intentions among land poor youth in tigray northern ethiopia do they correlate with livestock assets trust and trustworthiness |
| topic | youth livelihood livestock migration trust trustworthiness |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1175572/full |
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