Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Inflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the tempor...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9743 |
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| author | Elaine Vieira Gerardo Gabriel Mirizio Geovana Reichert Barin Rosângela Vieira de Andrade Nidah Fawzi Said Nimer Lucia La Sala |
| author_facet | Elaine Vieira Gerardo Gabriel Mirizio Geovana Reichert Barin Rosângela Vieira de Andrade Nidah Fawzi Said Nimer Lucia La Sala |
| author_sort | Elaine Vieira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the temporal gating of cytokine production, the antioxidant response, chemokine attraction and insulin secretion, among other processes. Deletion of clock genes in macrophages or brain-resident cells induces a higher production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and this is often accompanied by an increased oxidative stress. In the context of obesity and diabetes, a high-fat diet disrupts the function of clock genes in macrophages and in pancreatic β cells, contributing to inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Recently, it has been shown that the administration of natural and synthetic ligands or pharmacological enhancers of the circadian clock function can selectively regulate the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the metabolic function in vitro and in vivo. Thus, a better understanding of the circadian regulation of the immune system could have important implications for the management of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:54:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45674f5c2e3f419c9f4c3c1435ab6e8e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:54:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-45674f5c2e3f419c9f4c3c1435ab6e8e2023-11-21T01:49:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-012124974310.3390/ijms21249743Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative DiseasesElaine Vieira0Gerardo Gabriel Mirizio1Geovana Reichert Barin2Rosângela Vieira de Andrade3Nidah Fawzi Said Nimer4Lucia La Sala5Postgraduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, DF, Taguatinga 71966-700, BrazilMuscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center of Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8330015 Santiago, ChilePostgraduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, DF, Taguatinga 71966-700, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, DF, Taguatinga 71966-700, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, DF, Taguatinga 71966-700, BrazilLaboratory of Cardiovascular and Dysmetabolic diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, ItalyInflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the temporal gating of cytokine production, the antioxidant response, chemokine attraction and insulin secretion, among other processes. Deletion of clock genes in macrophages or brain-resident cells induces a higher production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and this is often accompanied by an increased oxidative stress. In the context of obesity and diabetes, a high-fat diet disrupts the function of clock genes in macrophages and in pancreatic β cells, contributing to inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Recently, it has been shown that the administration of natural and synthetic ligands or pharmacological enhancers of the circadian clock function can selectively regulate the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the metabolic function in vitro and in vivo. Thus, a better understanding of the circadian regulation of the immune system could have important implications for the management of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9743inflammationneurodegenerative diseasesclock genesdiabetesobesity |
| spellingShingle | Elaine Vieira Gerardo Gabriel Mirizio Geovana Reichert Barin Rosângela Vieira de Andrade Nidah Fawzi Said Nimer Lucia La Sala Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences inflammation neurodegenerative diseases clock genes diabetes obesity |
| title | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_full | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_short | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_sort | clock genes inflammation and the immune system implications for diabetes obesity and neurodegenerative diseases |
| topic | inflammation neurodegenerative diseases clock genes diabetes obesity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9743 |
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