On the long-term stability of space-time crystals
We investigate a space-time crystal in a superfluid Bose gas. Using a well-controlled periodic drive we excite only one crystalline mode in the system, which can be accurately modeled in the rotating frame of the drive. Using holographic imaging we observe the stability of the crystal over an extend...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2020-01-01
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| Series: | New Journal of Physics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abbae9 |
| _version_ | 1797750339584131072 |
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| author | J Smits H T C Stoof P van der Straten |
| author_facet | J Smits H T C Stoof P van der Straten |
| author_sort | J Smits |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigate a space-time crystal in a superfluid Bose gas. Using a well-controlled periodic drive we excite only one crystalline mode in the system, which can be accurately modeled in the rotating frame of the drive. Using holographic imaging we observe the stability of the crystal over an extended period of time and show the robustness of its structure in both space and time. By introducing a fourth-order term in the Hamiltonian we show that the crystal stabilizes at a fixed number of quanta. The results of the model are compared to the experimental data and show good agreement, with a small number of free parameters. The results yield insights in the long-term stability of the crystal, which can only be obtained by the combination of the extended control in the experiment and the nearly ab initio character of the model. From the model we derive a phase diagram of the system, which can be exploited in the future to study the phase transitions for this new state of matter in even more detail. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:31:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-456c9d1e9a70401ebeafdc405d5599d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1367-2630 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:31:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | New Journal of Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-456c9d1e9a70401ebeafdc405d5599d62023-08-08T15:28:20ZengIOP PublishingNew Journal of Physics1367-26302020-01-01221010500110.1088/1367-2630/abbae9On the long-term stability of space-time crystalsJ Smits0H T C Stoof1P van der Straten2Debye Institute for Nanomaterials and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University , PO Box 80.000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The NetherlandsInstitute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University , PO Box 80.000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The NetherlandsDebye Institute for Nanomaterials and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University , PO Box 80.000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The NetherlandsWe investigate a space-time crystal in a superfluid Bose gas. Using a well-controlled periodic drive we excite only one crystalline mode in the system, which can be accurately modeled in the rotating frame of the drive. Using holographic imaging we observe the stability of the crystal over an extended period of time and show the robustness of its structure in both space and time. By introducing a fourth-order term in the Hamiltonian we show that the crystal stabilizes at a fixed number of quanta. The results of the model are compared to the experimental data and show good agreement, with a small number of free parameters. The results yield insights in the long-term stability of the crystal, which can only be obtained by the combination of the extended control in the experiment and the nearly ab initio character of the model. From the model we derive a phase diagram of the system, which can be exploited in the future to study the phase transitions for this new state of matter in even more detail.https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abbae9time crystalsBose–Einstein condensationphase transitionsnon-linear dynamics |
| spellingShingle | J Smits H T C Stoof P van der Straten On the long-term stability of space-time crystals New Journal of Physics time crystals Bose–Einstein condensation phase transitions non-linear dynamics |
| title | On the long-term stability of space-time crystals |
| title_full | On the long-term stability of space-time crystals |
| title_fullStr | On the long-term stability of space-time crystals |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the long-term stability of space-time crystals |
| title_short | On the long-term stability of space-time crystals |
| title_sort | on the long term stability of space time crystals |
| topic | time crystals Bose–Einstein condensation phase transitions non-linear dynamics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abbae9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jsmits onthelongtermstabilityofspacetimecrystals AT htcstoof onthelongtermstabilityofspacetimecrystals AT pvanderstraten onthelongtermstabilityofspacetimecrystals |