Salt Tolerance Strategies of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. Determine the Inoculation Effects of Microorganisms in Saline Soil Conditions
Increasing salinization threatens the normal growth of halophytes in saline habitats, especially at the seedling stage. Soil beneficial microorganisms have the potential to promote salt tolerance of halophytes, but less attention has been paid to the various responses between different halophytes wi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/913 |
| _version_ | 1797437291122130944 |
|---|---|
| author | Jing Pan Xian Xue Cuihua Huang Fei Peng Jie Liao Shaoxiu Ma Quangang You Tao Wang |
| author_facet | Jing Pan Xian Xue Cuihua Huang Fei Peng Jie Liao Shaoxiu Ma Quangang You Tao Wang |
| author_sort | Jing Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing salinization threatens the normal growth of halophytes in saline habitats, especially at the seedling stage. Soil beneficial microorganisms have the potential to promote salt tolerance of halophytes, but less attention has been paid to the various responses between different halophytes with microbial inoculations. Here we performed pot experiments to assess the responses of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation in saline soil conditions. The results showed that neither a single AMF inoculation nor a single PGPR inoculation promoted the growth of <i>N. tangutorum</i>. In contrast, co-inoculation not only promoted biomass accumulation but also promoted the absorption of P, K<sup>+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the roots, and the accumulation of N, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the leaves. Co-inoculation also increased the K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio in the roots as well as the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio in both roots and leaves of <i>N. tangutorum</i>. Na<sup>+</sup> is an important inorganic osmolyte, essential for both efficient osmoregulation and biomass accumulation in <i>N. tangutorum</i>. PGPR inoculation alone could not promote the growth of <i>E. angustifolia</i>. AMF inoculation, solely or combined with PGPR, was beneficial to the absorption of K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the roots, the accumulation of N and K<sup>+</sup> in the leaves, the maintenance of the K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio and Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio in the leaves, the selective transportation of K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> from roots to leaves, and the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine in the leaves of <i>E. angustifolia</i>. Increased nutrient absorption, ion homeostasis, and K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> selective transportation in AMF-inoculated <i>E. angustifolia</i> helped reduce the toxic effects of Na<sup>+</sup> and the damage caused by osmotic stress in saline soil conditions. “Plant-microbe specificity” leads to the different responses of <i>N. tangutorum</i> and <i>E. angustifolia</i> seedlings to AMF and PGPR inoculation in saline soil conditions. The different salt tolerance strategies for osmoregulation, nutrient acquisition, ion homeostasis, and ion transportation determine the differential responses in <i>N. tangutorum</i> and <i>E.</i><i>angustifolia</i> to AMF and PGPR inoculations under saline soil conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:16:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-456ccc2d0b92434d8770ff61e3fabded |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:16:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-456ccc2d0b92434d8770ff61e3fabded2023-12-01T00:28:08ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-04-0112491310.3390/agronomy12040913Salt Tolerance Strategies of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. Determine the Inoculation Effects of Microorganisms in Saline Soil ConditionsJing Pan0Xian Xue1Cuihua Huang2Fei Peng3Jie Liao4Shaoxiu Ma5Quangang You6Tao Wang7Drylands Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaDrylands Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaDrylands Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaDrylands Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaDrylands Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaDrylands Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaDrylands Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaDrylands Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaIncreasing salinization threatens the normal growth of halophytes in saline habitats, especially at the seedling stage. Soil beneficial microorganisms have the potential to promote salt tolerance of halophytes, but less attention has been paid to the various responses between different halophytes with microbial inoculations. Here we performed pot experiments to assess the responses of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation in saline soil conditions. The results showed that neither a single AMF inoculation nor a single PGPR inoculation promoted the growth of <i>N. tangutorum</i>. In contrast, co-inoculation not only promoted biomass accumulation but also promoted the absorption of P, K<sup>+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the roots, and the accumulation of N, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the leaves. Co-inoculation also increased the K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio in the roots as well as the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio in both roots and leaves of <i>N. tangutorum</i>. Na<sup>+</sup> is an important inorganic osmolyte, essential for both efficient osmoregulation and biomass accumulation in <i>N. tangutorum</i>. PGPR inoculation alone could not promote the growth of <i>E. angustifolia</i>. AMF inoculation, solely or combined with PGPR, was beneficial to the absorption of K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the roots, the accumulation of N and K<sup>+</sup> in the leaves, the maintenance of the K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio and Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio in the leaves, the selective transportation of K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> from roots to leaves, and the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine in the leaves of <i>E. angustifolia</i>. Increased nutrient absorption, ion homeostasis, and K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> selective transportation in AMF-inoculated <i>E. angustifolia</i> helped reduce the toxic effects of Na<sup>+</sup> and the damage caused by osmotic stress in saline soil conditions. “Plant-microbe specificity” leads to the different responses of <i>N. tangutorum</i> and <i>E. angustifolia</i> seedlings to AMF and PGPR inoculation in saline soil conditions. The different salt tolerance strategies for osmoregulation, nutrient acquisition, ion homeostasis, and ion transportation determine the differential responses in <i>N. tangutorum</i> and <i>E.</i><i>angustifolia</i> to AMF and PGPR inoculations under saline soil conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/913arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiplant growth-promoting rhizobacteriahalophytenutrient acquisitionionic homeostasisosmolytes accumulation |
| spellingShingle | Jing Pan Xian Xue Cuihua Huang Fei Peng Jie Liao Shaoxiu Ma Quangang You Tao Wang Salt Tolerance Strategies of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. Determine the Inoculation Effects of Microorganisms in Saline Soil Conditions Agronomy arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria halophyte nutrient acquisition ionic homeostasis osmolytes accumulation |
| title | Salt Tolerance Strategies of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. Determine the Inoculation Effects of Microorganisms in Saline Soil Conditions |
| title_full | Salt Tolerance Strategies of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. Determine the Inoculation Effects of Microorganisms in Saline Soil Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Salt Tolerance Strategies of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. Determine the Inoculation Effects of Microorganisms in Saline Soil Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salt Tolerance Strategies of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. Determine the Inoculation Effects of Microorganisms in Saline Soil Conditions |
| title_short | Salt Tolerance Strategies of <i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> Bobr. and <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> Linn. Determine the Inoculation Effects of Microorganisms in Saline Soil Conditions |
| title_sort | salt tolerance strategies of i nitraria tangutorum i bobr and i elaeagnus angustifolia i linn determine the inoculation effects of microorganisms in saline soil conditions |
| topic | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria halophyte nutrient acquisition ionic homeostasis osmolytes accumulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/913 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingpan salttolerancestrategiesofinitrariatangutorumibobrandielaeagnusangustifoliailinndeterminetheinoculationeffectsofmicroorganismsinsalinesoilconditions AT xianxue salttolerancestrategiesofinitrariatangutorumibobrandielaeagnusangustifoliailinndeterminetheinoculationeffectsofmicroorganismsinsalinesoilconditions AT cuihuahuang salttolerancestrategiesofinitrariatangutorumibobrandielaeagnusangustifoliailinndeterminetheinoculationeffectsofmicroorganismsinsalinesoilconditions AT feipeng salttolerancestrategiesofinitrariatangutorumibobrandielaeagnusangustifoliailinndeterminetheinoculationeffectsofmicroorganismsinsalinesoilconditions AT jieliao salttolerancestrategiesofinitrariatangutorumibobrandielaeagnusangustifoliailinndeterminetheinoculationeffectsofmicroorganismsinsalinesoilconditions AT shaoxiuma salttolerancestrategiesofinitrariatangutorumibobrandielaeagnusangustifoliailinndeterminetheinoculationeffectsofmicroorganismsinsalinesoilconditions AT quangangyou salttolerancestrategiesofinitrariatangutorumibobrandielaeagnusangustifoliailinndeterminetheinoculationeffectsofmicroorganismsinsalinesoilconditions AT taowang salttolerancestrategiesofinitrariatangutorumibobrandielaeagnusangustifoliailinndeterminetheinoculationeffectsofmicroorganismsinsalinesoilconditions |