Modular Battery Emulator for Development and Functional Testing of Battery Management Systems: Hardware Design and Characterization
Battery Management Systems are essential for safe and effective use of Lithium-Ion batteries. The increasing complexity of the control and estimation algorithms requires deeper functional testing and validation phases of BMSs. However, the use of real batteries in such phases leads to hazards and sa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/5/1232 |
| _version_ | 1797615443601522688 |
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| author | Alessandro Verani Roberto Di Rienzo Niccolò Nicodemo Federico Baronti Roberto Roncella Roberto Saletti |
| author_facet | Alessandro Verani Roberto Di Rienzo Niccolò Nicodemo Federico Baronti Roberto Roncella Roberto Saletti |
| author_sort | Alessandro Verani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Battery Management Systems are essential for safe and effective use of Lithium-Ion batteries. The increasing complexity of the control and estimation algorithms requires deeper functional testing and validation phases of BMSs. However, the use of real batteries in such phases leads to hazards and safety risks. Battery emulators and the Hardware-in-the-Loop approach can instead speed-up and increase the safety of the functional testing and algorithm validation phases. This work describes the design and the characterization of a low-cost modular multi-cell battery emulator which provides a complete emulation of cell voltage, temperature, and current. This platform can be used to carry out Hardware-in-the-Loop tests on custom and commercial Battery Management Systems. The paper describes the platform design constraints derived from the most diffused Battery Management System architectures, the main design and implementation choices, and the platform characterization results. The proposed emulation platform is compared with literature and commercial ones showing a very good trade-off between performance and cost. This characteristic makes it appealing for small-size laboratories that develop and test Battery Management Systems. The project has therefore been made available to the scientific community as a freely downloadable open hardware platform. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:26:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4576e458c45740a59996bff3bb44c0cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:26:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4576e458c45740a59996bff3bb44c0cc2023-11-17T07:33:29ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922023-03-01125123210.3390/electronics12051232Modular Battery Emulator for Development and Functional Testing of Battery Management Systems: Hardware Design and CharacterizationAlessandro Verani0Roberto Di Rienzo1Niccolò Nicodemo2Federico Baronti3Roberto Roncella4Roberto Saletti5Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, ItalyBattery Management Systems are essential for safe and effective use of Lithium-Ion batteries. The increasing complexity of the control and estimation algorithms requires deeper functional testing and validation phases of BMSs. However, the use of real batteries in such phases leads to hazards and safety risks. Battery emulators and the Hardware-in-the-Loop approach can instead speed-up and increase the safety of the functional testing and algorithm validation phases. This work describes the design and the characterization of a low-cost modular multi-cell battery emulator which provides a complete emulation of cell voltage, temperature, and current. This platform can be used to carry out Hardware-in-the-Loop tests on custom and commercial Battery Management Systems. The paper describes the platform design constraints derived from the most diffused Battery Management System architectures, the main design and implementation choices, and the platform characterization results. The proposed emulation platform is compared with literature and commercial ones showing a very good trade-off between performance and cost. This characteristic makes it appealing for small-size laboratories that develop and test Battery Management Systems. The project has therefore been made available to the scientific community as a freely downloadable open hardware platform.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/5/1232battery management systembattery emulatorhardware in the loopopen hardware platformBMS characterization |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Verani Roberto Di Rienzo Niccolò Nicodemo Federico Baronti Roberto Roncella Roberto Saletti Modular Battery Emulator for Development and Functional Testing of Battery Management Systems: Hardware Design and Characterization Electronics battery management system battery emulator hardware in the loop open hardware platform BMS characterization |
| title | Modular Battery Emulator for Development and Functional Testing of Battery Management Systems: Hardware Design and Characterization |
| title_full | Modular Battery Emulator for Development and Functional Testing of Battery Management Systems: Hardware Design and Characterization |
| title_fullStr | Modular Battery Emulator for Development and Functional Testing of Battery Management Systems: Hardware Design and Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modular Battery Emulator for Development and Functional Testing of Battery Management Systems: Hardware Design and Characterization |
| title_short | Modular Battery Emulator for Development and Functional Testing of Battery Management Systems: Hardware Design and Characterization |
| title_sort | modular battery emulator for development and functional testing of battery management systems hardware design and characterization |
| topic | battery management system battery emulator hardware in the loop open hardware platform BMS characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/5/1232 |
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