Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows

After oral contamination, zearalenone (ZEN) is rapidly absorbed in organisms and can be detected in biological fluids. In this study, we investigated the metabolites of ZEN in the biological fluids of cows (blood, urine, milk). The study was divided into three stages: preparation (the first stage),...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rimvydas Falkauskas, Bronius Bakutis, Jurgita Jovaišienė, Gintarė Vaičiulienė, Gediminas Gerulis, Sigita Kerzienė, Ingrida Jacevičienė, Eugenijus Jacevičius, Violeta Baliukonienė
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-06-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/13/1651
_version_ 1797481139014729728
author Rimvydas Falkauskas
Bronius Bakutis
Jurgita Jovaišienė
Gintarė Vaičiulienė
Gediminas Gerulis
Sigita Kerzienė
Ingrida Jacevičienė
Eugenijus Jacevičius
Violeta Baliukonienė
author_facet Rimvydas Falkauskas
Bronius Bakutis
Jurgita Jovaišienė
Gintarė Vaičiulienė
Gediminas Gerulis
Sigita Kerzienė
Ingrida Jacevičienė
Eugenijus Jacevičius
Violeta Baliukonienė
author_sort Rimvydas Falkauskas
collection DOAJ
description After oral contamination, zearalenone (ZEN) is rapidly absorbed in organisms and can be detected in biological fluids. In this study, we investigated the metabolites of ZEN in the biological fluids of cows (blood, urine, milk). The study was divided into three stages: preparation (the first stage), investigation (the second stage), and final stage (the third stage). Samples of biological fluids were taken 7, 21, and 35 days after the beginning of the study. At the first stage and at the second stage, the cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with naturally contaminated mycotoxin-zearalenone (500 ± 75 µg/kg). In the third stage, the cows were fed a TMR without mycotoxins. This study established that at the second stage, the alpha-zearalenol concentrations in the serum increased by 92% and the beta-zearalanol in the urine decreased by 48% compared to the first stage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The beta-zearalenol and zearalanone concentrations in the urine were higher compared to that of the alpha-zearalenol. The zearalenone concentration in the milk at the second stage was 35% higher than at the first stage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A significant negative correlation (r = –0.540) was determined between the beta-zearalenol and beta-zearalanol concentrations in the urine and the positive significant correlation (r = 0.826) between the beta-zearalanol and alpha-zearalenol concentrations in the serum (<i>p</i> < 0.05). During the study, it was determined that feeding cows for two weeks with a TMR without mycotoxins can reduce concentrations of alpha-zearalanol, beta-zearalenol, and beta-zearalanol in the biological fluids and can reduce the concentrations of ZEN in the milk, but does not reduce the concentration of zearalanone.
first_indexed 2024-03-09T22:10:14Z
format Article
id doaj.art-458351c31ffe4cee8defa73e2867d11a
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 2076-2615
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-09T22:10:14Z
publishDate 2022-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Animals
spelling doaj.art-458351c31ffe4cee8defa73e2867d11a2023-11-23T19:32:32ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-06-011213165110.3390/ani12131651Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy CowsRimvydas Falkauskas0Bronius Bakutis1Jurgita Jovaišienė2Gintarė Vaičiulienė3Gediminas Gerulis4Sigita Kerzienė5Ingrida Jacevičienė6Eugenijus Jacevičius7Violeta Baliukonienė8Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, LithuaniaNational Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiukscio Str. 10, LT-08409 Vilnius, LithuaniaNational Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiukscio Str. 10, LT-08409 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, LithuaniaAfter oral contamination, zearalenone (ZEN) is rapidly absorbed in organisms and can be detected in biological fluids. In this study, we investigated the metabolites of ZEN in the biological fluids of cows (blood, urine, milk). The study was divided into three stages: preparation (the first stage), investigation (the second stage), and final stage (the third stage). Samples of biological fluids were taken 7, 21, and 35 days after the beginning of the study. At the first stage and at the second stage, the cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with naturally contaminated mycotoxin-zearalenone (500 ± 75 µg/kg). In the third stage, the cows were fed a TMR without mycotoxins. This study established that at the second stage, the alpha-zearalenol concentrations in the serum increased by 92% and the beta-zearalanol in the urine decreased by 48% compared to the first stage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The beta-zearalenol and zearalanone concentrations in the urine were higher compared to that of the alpha-zearalenol. The zearalenone concentration in the milk at the second stage was 35% higher than at the first stage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A significant negative correlation (r = –0.540) was determined between the beta-zearalenol and beta-zearalanol concentrations in the urine and the positive significant correlation (r = 0.826) between the beta-zearalanol and alpha-zearalenol concentrations in the serum (<i>p</i> < 0.05). During the study, it was determined that feeding cows for two weeks with a TMR without mycotoxins can reduce concentrations of alpha-zearalanol, beta-zearalenol, and beta-zearalanol in the biological fluids and can reduce the concentrations of ZEN in the milk, but does not reduce the concentration of zearalanone.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/13/1651zearalenonezearalanonecowsβ-derivativesα-derivatives
spellingShingle Rimvydas Falkauskas
Bronius Bakutis
Jurgita Jovaišienė
Gintarė Vaičiulienė
Gediminas Gerulis
Sigita Kerzienė
Ingrida Jacevičienė
Eugenijus Jacevičius
Violeta Baliukonienė
Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows
Animals
zearalenone
zearalanone
cows
β-derivatives
α-derivatives
title Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows
title_full Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows
title_fullStr Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows
title_full_unstemmed Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows
title_short Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows
title_sort zearalenone and its metabolites in blood serum urine and milk of dairy cows
topic zearalenone
zearalanone
cows
β-derivatives
α-derivatives
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/13/1651
work_keys_str_mv AT rimvydasfalkauskas zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows
AT broniusbakutis zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows
AT jurgitajovaisiene zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows
AT gintarevaiciuliene zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows
AT gediminasgerulis zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows
AT sigitakerziene zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows
AT ingridajaceviciene zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows
AT eugenijusjacevicius zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows
AT violetabaliukoniene zearalenoneanditsmetabolitesinbloodserumurineandmilkofdairycows