An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment
To exploit the whole potential of Additive Manufacturing, it is essential to investigate the complex relationships between Additive Manufacturing processes, the resulting microstructure, and mechanical properties of the materials and components. In the present work, Selective Laser Melted (SLM) (pro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-03-01
|
| Series: | Metals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/4/220 |
| _version_ | 1798046119516700672 |
|---|---|
| author | Bastian Blinn Marcus Klein Christopher Gläßner Marek Smaga Jan C. Aurich Tilmann Beck |
| author_facet | Bastian Blinn Marcus Klein Christopher Gläßner Marek Smaga Jan C. Aurich Tilmann Beck |
| author_sort | Bastian Blinn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To exploit the whole potential of Additive Manufacturing, it is essential to investigate the complex relationships between Additive Manufacturing processes, the resulting microstructure, and mechanical properties of the materials and components. In the present work, Selective Laser Melted (SLM) (process category: powder bed fusion), Laser Deposition Welded (LDW) (process category: direct energy deposition) and, for comparison, Continuous Casted and then hot and cold drawn (CC) austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L blanks were investigated with regard to their microstructure and mechanical properties. To exclude the influence of surface topography and focus the investigation on the volume microstructure, the blanks were turned into final geometry of specimens. The additively manufactured (AM-) blanks were manufactured in both the horizontal and vertical building directions. In the horizontally built specimens, the layer planes are perpendicular and in vertical building direction, they are parallel to the load axis of the specimens. The materials from different manufacturing processes exhibit different chemical composition and hence, austenite stability. Additionally, all types of blanks were heat treated (2 h, 1070 °C, H2O) and the influence of the heat treatment on the properties of differently manufactured materials were investigated. From the cyclic deformation curves obtained in the load increase tests, the anisotropic fatigue behavior of the AM-specimens could be detected with only one specimen in each building direction for the different Additive Manufacturing processes, which could be confirmed by constant amplitude tests. The results showed higher fatigue strength for horizontally built specimens compared to the vertical building direction. Furthermore, the constant amplitude tests show that the austenite stability influences the fatigue behavior of differently manufactured 316L. Using load increase tests as an efficient rating method of the anisotropic fatigue behavior, the influence of the heat treatment on anisotropy could be determined with a small number of specimens. These investigations showed no significant influence of the heat treatment on the anisotropic behavior of the AM-specimens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:32:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-458571d42599496e80837a60e13b24f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:32:21Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-458571d42599496e80837a60e13b24f72022-12-22T03:57:06ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012018-03-018422010.3390/met8040220met8040220An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat TreatmentBastian Blinn0Marcus Klein1Christopher Gläßner2Marek Smaga3Jan C. Aurich4Tilmann Beck5Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyState Materials Testing Institute Darmstadt (MPA), Chair and Institute for Materials Technology (IfW), Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyInstitute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyTo exploit the whole potential of Additive Manufacturing, it is essential to investigate the complex relationships between Additive Manufacturing processes, the resulting microstructure, and mechanical properties of the materials and components. In the present work, Selective Laser Melted (SLM) (process category: powder bed fusion), Laser Deposition Welded (LDW) (process category: direct energy deposition) and, for comparison, Continuous Casted and then hot and cold drawn (CC) austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L blanks were investigated with regard to their microstructure and mechanical properties. To exclude the influence of surface topography and focus the investigation on the volume microstructure, the blanks were turned into final geometry of specimens. The additively manufactured (AM-) blanks were manufactured in both the horizontal and vertical building directions. In the horizontally built specimens, the layer planes are perpendicular and in vertical building direction, they are parallel to the load axis of the specimens. The materials from different manufacturing processes exhibit different chemical composition and hence, austenite stability. Additionally, all types of blanks were heat treated (2 h, 1070 °C, H2O) and the influence of the heat treatment on the properties of differently manufactured materials were investigated. From the cyclic deformation curves obtained in the load increase tests, the anisotropic fatigue behavior of the AM-specimens could be detected with only one specimen in each building direction for the different Additive Manufacturing processes, which could be confirmed by constant amplitude tests. The results showed higher fatigue strength for horizontally built specimens compared to the vertical building direction. Furthermore, the constant amplitude tests show that the austenite stability influences the fatigue behavior of differently manufactured 316L. Using load increase tests as an efficient rating method of the anisotropic fatigue behavior, the influence of the heat treatment on anisotropy could be determined with a small number of specimens. These investigations showed no significant influence of the heat treatment on the anisotropic behavior of the AM-specimens.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/4/220additive manufacturingcyclic deformation behavioranisotropic fatigue behaviorload increase testsselective laser meltinglaser deposition welding316Laustenite stability |
| spellingShingle | Bastian Blinn Marcus Klein Christopher Gläßner Marek Smaga Jan C. Aurich Tilmann Beck An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment Metals additive manufacturing cyclic deformation behavior anisotropic fatigue behavior load increase tests selective laser melting laser deposition welding 316L austenite stability |
| title | An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment |
| title_full | An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment |
| title_fullStr | An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment |
| title_short | An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment |
| title_sort | investigation of the microstructure and fatigue behavior of additively manufactured aisi 316l stainless steel with regard to the influence of heat treatment |
| topic | additive manufacturing cyclic deformation behavior anisotropic fatigue behavior load increase tests selective laser melting laser deposition welding 316L austenite stability |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/4/220 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bastianblinn aninvestigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT marcusklein aninvestigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT christopherglaßner aninvestigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT mareksmaga aninvestigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT jancaurich aninvestigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT tilmannbeck aninvestigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT bastianblinn investigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT marcusklein investigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT christopherglaßner investigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT mareksmaga investigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT jancaurich investigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment AT tilmannbeck investigationofthemicrostructureandfatiguebehaviorofadditivelymanufacturedaisi316lstainlesssteelwithregardtotheinfluenceofheattreatment |