Ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in rats
Abstract Background Treadmill animal models are commonly used to study effects of exercise on bone. Since mechanical loading induces bone strain, resulting in bone formation, exercise that induces higher strains is likely to cause more bone formation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of slope a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2017-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40634-017-0102-8 |
| _version_ | 1797331473500471296 |
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| author | N. Bravenboer B. T. T. M. van Rens H. W. van Essen J. H. van Dieën P. Lips |
| author_facet | N. Bravenboer B. T. T. M. van Rens H. W. van Essen J. H. van Dieën P. Lips |
| author_sort | N. Bravenboer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Treadmill animal models are commonly used to study effects of exercise on bone. Since mechanical loading induces bone strain, resulting in bone formation, exercise that induces higher strains is likely to cause more bone formation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of slope and additional load on limb bone strain. Methods Horizontal and vertical ground reaction forces on left fore-limb (FL) and hind-limb (HL) of twenty 23-week old female Wistar rats (weight 279 ± 26 g) were measured for six combinations of SLOPE (−10°, 0°, +10°) and LOAD (0 to 23% of body mass). Peak force (Fmax), rate of force rise (RC), stance time (Tstance) and impulse (Fint) on FLs and HLs were analyzed. Results For the FL, peak ground reaction forces and rate of force rise were highest when walking downward −10° with load (Fmax = 2.09±0.05 N, FLRC = 34±2 N/s) For the HL, ground reaction forces and rate of force rise were highest when walking upward +10°, without load (Fmax = 2.20±0.05 N, HLRC = 34±1 N/s). Load increased stance time. Without additional load, estimates for the highest FL loading (slope is −10°) were larger than for the highest HL loading (slope is +10°) relative to level walking. Conclusions Thus, walking downward has a higher impact on FL bones, while walking upward is a more optimal HL exercise. Additional load may have a small effect on FL loading. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T07:36:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45876c2835e24df3bc93b77c1a1fe98d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2197-1153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T07:36:05Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics |
| spelling | doaj.art-45876c2835e24df3bc93b77c1a1fe98d2024-02-02T19:01:33ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Experimental Orthopaedics2197-11532017-08-014111010.1186/s40634-017-0102-8Ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in ratsN. Bravenboer0B. T. T. M. van Rens1H. W. van Essen2J. H. van Dieën3P. Lips4Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment Internal Medicine, VU University Medical CenterAbstract Background Treadmill animal models are commonly used to study effects of exercise on bone. Since mechanical loading induces bone strain, resulting in bone formation, exercise that induces higher strains is likely to cause more bone formation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of slope and additional load on limb bone strain. Methods Horizontal and vertical ground reaction forces on left fore-limb (FL) and hind-limb (HL) of twenty 23-week old female Wistar rats (weight 279 ± 26 g) were measured for six combinations of SLOPE (−10°, 0°, +10°) and LOAD (0 to 23% of body mass). Peak force (Fmax), rate of force rise (RC), stance time (Tstance) and impulse (Fint) on FLs and HLs were analyzed. Results For the FL, peak ground reaction forces and rate of force rise were highest when walking downward −10° with load (Fmax = 2.09±0.05 N, FLRC = 34±2 N/s) For the HL, ground reaction forces and rate of force rise were highest when walking upward +10°, without load (Fmax = 2.20±0.05 N, HLRC = 34±1 N/s). Load increased stance time. Without additional load, estimates for the highest FL loading (slope is −10°) were larger than for the highest HL loading (slope is +10°) relative to level walking. Conclusions Thus, walking downward has a higher impact on FL bones, while walking upward is a more optimal HL exercise. Additional load may have a small effect on FL loading.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40634-017-0102-8Animal modelExerciseLoadingOsteoporosisBone |
| spellingShingle | N. Bravenboer B. T. T. M. van Rens H. W. van Essen J. H. van Dieën P. Lips Ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in rats Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics Animal model Exercise Loading Osteoporosis Bone |
| title | Ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in rats |
| title_full | Ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in rats |
| title_fullStr | Ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in rats |
| title_short | Ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in rats |
| title_sort | ground reaction forces during walking with different load and slope combinations in rats |
| topic | Animal model Exercise Loading Osteoporosis Bone |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40634-017-0102-8 |
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