Enabling Optimal Energy Management with Minimal IoT Requirements: A Legacy A/C Case Study
The existing literature on energy saving focuses on large-scale buildings, wherein the energy-saving potential is substantially larger than smaller-scale buildings. However, the research intensity is significantly less for small-scale deployments and their capacities to regulate energy use individua...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7910 |
| _version_ | 1797507843929145344 |
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| author | Panagiotis Michailidis Paschalis Pelitaris Christos Korkas Iakovos Michailidis Simone Baldi Elias Kosmatopoulos |
| author_facet | Panagiotis Michailidis Paschalis Pelitaris Christos Korkas Iakovos Michailidis Simone Baldi Elias Kosmatopoulos |
| author_sort | Panagiotis Michailidis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The existing literature on energy saving focuses on large-scale buildings, wherein the energy-saving potential is substantially larger than smaller-scale buildings. However, the research intensity is significantly less for small-scale deployments and their capacities to regulate energy use individually, directly and without depreciating users’ comfort and needs. The current research effort focused on energy saving and user satisfaction, concerning a low-cost—yet technically sophisticated—methodology for controlling conventional residential HVAC units through cheap yet reliable actuation and sensing and auxiliary IoT equipment. The basic ingredients of the proposed experimental methodology involve a conventional A/C unit, an Arduino microcontroller, typical wireless IoT sensors and actuators, a configured graphical environment and a sophisticated, model-free, optimization-and-control algorithm (PCAO) that portrays the ground basis for achieving improved performance results in comparison with conventional methods. The main goal of this study was to produce a system that would adequately and expeditiously achieve energy savings by utilizing minimal hardware/equipment (affordability). The system was designed to be easily expandable in terms of new units or thermal equipment (expandability) and also to be autonomous, requiring zero user interventions at the experimental site (automation). The real-life measurements were collected over two different seasonal periods of the year (winter, summer) and concerned a conventional apartment in the city of Xanthi, Northern Greece, where summers and winters exhibit quite diverse climate characteristics. The final results revealed the increased efficiency of PCAO’s optimization in comparison with a conventional rule-based control strategy (RBC), as concerns energy savings and user satisfaction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:54:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-458800f8357c4c95883e93eeb8690c36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:54:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-458800f8357c4c95883e93eeb8690c362023-11-23T02:19:40ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-11-011423791010.3390/en14237910Enabling Optimal Energy Management with Minimal IoT Requirements: A Legacy A/C Case StudyPanagiotis Michailidis0Paschalis Pelitaris1Christos Korkas2Iakovos Michailidis3Simone Baldi4Elias Kosmatopoulos5Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of Xanthi, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, GreeceElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of Xanthi, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, GreeceElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of Xanthi, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, GreeceElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of Xanthi, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, GreeceSchool of Mathematics, Jiulonghu Campus, Southeast University, Nanjijng 211189, ChinaElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of Xanthi, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, GreeceThe existing literature on energy saving focuses on large-scale buildings, wherein the energy-saving potential is substantially larger than smaller-scale buildings. However, the research intensity is significantly less for small-scale deployments and their capacities to regulate energy use individually, directly and without depreciating users’ comfort and needs. The current research effort focused on energy saving and user satisfaction, concerning a low-cost—yet technically sophisticated—methodology for controlling conventional residential HVAC units through cheap yet reliable actuation and sensing and auxiliary IoT equipment. The basic ingredients of the proposed experimental methodology involve a conventional A/C unit, an Arduino microcontroller, typical wireless IoT sensors and actuators, a configured graphical environment and a sophisticated, model-free, optimization-and-control algorithm (PCAO) that portrays the ground basis for achieving improved performance results in comparison with conventional methods. The main goal of this study was to produce a system that would adequately and expeditiously achieve energy savings by utilizing minimal hardware/equipment (affordability). The system was designed to be easily expandable in terms of new units or thermal equipment (expandability) and also to be autonomous, requiring zero user interventions at the experimental site (automation). The real-life measurements were collected over two different seasonal periods of the year (winter, summer) and concerned a conventional apartment in the city of Xanthi, Northern Greece, where summers and winters exhibit quite diverse climate characteristics. The final results revealed the increased efficiency of PCAO’s optimization in comparison with a conventional rule-based control strategy (RBC), as concerns energy savings and user satisfaction.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7910building energy-management systemsdomestic automationcentralized building optimization and controlenergy-sustainable buildingsHVAC controlIoT |
| spellingShingle | Panagiotis Michailidis Paschalis Pelitaris Christos Korkas Iakovos Michailidis Simone Baldi Elias Kosmatopoulos Enabling Optimal Energy Management with Minimal IoT Requirements: A Legacy A/C Case Study Energies building energy-management systems domestic automation centralized building optimization and control energy-sustainable buildings HVAC control IoT |
| title | Enabling Optimal Energy Management with Minimal IoT Requirements: A Legacy A/C Case Study |
| title_full | Enabling Optimal Energy Management with Minimal IoT Requirements: A Legacy A/C Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Enabling Optimal Energy Management with Minimal IoT Requirements: A Legacy A/C Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enabling Optimal Energy Management with Minimal IoT Requirements: A Legacy A/C Case Study |
| title_short | Enabling Optimal Energy Management with Minimal IoT Requirements: A Legacy A/C Case Study |
| title_sort | enabling optimal energy management with minimal iot requirements a legacy a c case study |
| topic | building energy-management systems domestic automation centralized building optimization and control energy-sustainable buildings HVAC control IoT |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7910 |
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