Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections
Enteric protozoan pathogenic infections significantly contribute to the global burden of gastrointestinal illnesses. Their occurrence is considerable within remote and indigenous communities and regions due to reduced access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The robustness of these pathogens l...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1800 |
| _version_ | 1797588078001389568 |
|---|---|
| author | Avinash V. Karpe David J. Beale Cuong D. Tran |
| author_facet | Avinash V. Karpe David J. Beale Cuong D. Tran |
| author_sort | Avinash V. Karpe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Enteric protozoan pathogenic infections significantly contribute to the global burden of gastrointestinal illnesses. Their occurrence is considerable within remote and indigenous communities and regions due to reduced access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The robustness of these pathogens leads to a requirement of harsh treatment methods, such as medicinal drugs or antibiotics. However, in addition to protozoal infection itself, these treatments impact the gut microbiome and create dysbiosis. This often leads to opportunistic pathogen invasion, anti-microbial resistance, or functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Moreover, these impacts do not remain confined to the gut and are reflected across the gut–brain, gut–liver, and gut–lung axes, among others. Therefore, apart from medicinal treatment, nutritional supplementation is also a key aspect of providing recovery from this dysbiosis. Future proteins, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and food formulations offer a good solution to remedy this dysbiosis. Furthermore, nutritional supplementation also helps to build resilience against opportunistic pathogens and potential future infections and disorders that may arise due to the dysbiosis. Systems biology techniques have shown to be highly effective tools to understand the biochemistry of these processes. Systems biology techniques characterize the fundamental host–pathogen interaction biochemical pathways at various infection and recovery stages. This same mechanism also allows the impact of the abovementioned treatment methods of gut microbiome remediation to be tracked. This manuscript discusses system biology approaches, analytical techniques, and interaction and association networks, to understand (1) infection mechanisms and current global status; (2) cross-organ impacts of dysbiosis, particularly within the gut–liver and gut–lung axes; and (3) nutritional interventions. This study highlights the impact of anti-microbial resistance and multi-drug resistance from the perspective of protozoal infections. It also highlights the role of nutritional interventions to add resilience against the chronic problems caused by these phenomena. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:48:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4594f1db6c2b40019e669c2453c13730 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:48:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-4594f1db6c2b40019e669c2453c137302023-11-18T20:36:38ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-07-01117180010.3390/microorganisms11071800Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut InfectionsAvinash V. Karpe0David J. Beale1Cuong D. Tran2Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Acton, ACT 2601, AustraliaEnvironment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, AustraliaHealth and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Gate 13 Kintore Ave., Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaEnteric protozoan pathogenic infections significantly contribute to the global burden of gastrointestinal illnesses. Their occurrence is considerable within remote and indigenous communities and regions due to reduced access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The robustness of these pathogens leads to a requirement of harsh treatment methods, such as medicinal drugs or antibiotics. However, in addition to protozoal infection itself, these treatments impact the gut microbiome and create dysbiosis. This often leads to opportunistic pathogen invasion, anti-microbial resistance, or functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Moreover, these impacts do not remain confined to the gut and are reflected across the gut–brain, gut–liver, and gut–lung axes, among others. Therefore, apart from medicinal treatment, nutritional supplementation is also a key aspect of providing recovery from this dysbiosis. Future proteins, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and food formulations offer a good solution to remedy this dysbiosis. Furthermore, nutritional supplementation also helps to build resilience against opportunistic pathogens and potential future infections and disorders that may arise due to the dysbiosis. Systems biology techniques have shown to be highly effective tools to understand the biochemistry of these processes. Systems biology techniques characterize the fundamental host–pathogen interaction biochemical pathways at various infection and recovery stages. This same mechanism also allows the impact of the abovementioned treatment methods of gut microbiome remediation to be tracked. This manuscript discusses system biology approaches, analytical techniques, and interaction and association networks, to understand (1) infection mechanisms and current global status; (2) cross-organ impacts of dysbiosis, particularly within the gut–liver and gut–lung axes; and (3) nutritional interventions. This study highlights the impact of anti-microbial resistance and multi-drug resistance from the perspective of protozoal infections. It also highlights the role of nutritional interventions to add resilience against the chronic problems caused by these phenomena.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1800systems biologymultiomics<i>Cryptosporidium</i><i>Giardia</i><i>Entamoeba</i>anti-microbial resistance |
| spellingShingle | Avinash V. Karpe David J. Beale Cuong D. Tran Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections Microorganisms systems biology multiomics <i>Cryptosporidium</i> <i>Giardia</i> <i>Entamoeba</i> anti-microbial resistance |
| title | Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections |
| title_full | Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections |
| title_fullStr | Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections |
| title_short | Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections |
| title_sort | intelligent biological networks improving anti microbial resistance resilience through nutritional interventions to understand protozoal gut infections |
| topic | systems biology multiomics <i>Cryptosporidium</i> <i>Giardia</i> <i>Entamoeba</i> anti-microbial resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1800 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT avinashvkarpe intelligentbiologicalnetworksimprovingantimicrobialresistanceresiliencethroughnutritionalinterventionstounderstandprotozoalgutinfections AT davidjbeale intelligentbiologicalnetworksimprovingantimicrobialresistanceresiliencethroughnutritionalinterventionstounderstandprotozoalgutinfections AT cuongdtran intelligentbiologicalnetworksimprovingantimicrobialresistanceresiliencethroughnutritionalinterventionstounderstandprotozoalgutinfections |