An Analysis of the 8.85- and 4.42-Year Cycles in the Gulf of Maine
In the background of global warming and climate change, nuisance flooding is only caused by astronomical tides, which could be modulated by the nodal cycle. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the variation in the amplitude of the nodal cycle. In this paper, we utilize the enhanced harmonic...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/12/1362 |
| _version_ | 1797503301471698944 |
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| author | Xiaolong Zong Ruzhen Zhang Shuwen Zhang Fangjing Deng Wei Zhou Zhaoyun Chen |
| author_facet | Xiaolong Zong Ruzhen Zhang Shuwen Zhang Fangjing Deng Wei Zhou Zhaoyun Chen |
| author_sort | Xiaolong Zong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the background of global warming and climate change, nuisance flooding is only caused by astronomical tides, which could be modulated by the nodal cycle. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the variation in the amplitude of the nodal cycle. In this paper, we utilize the enhanced harmonic analysis method and the independent point scheme to obtain the time-dependent amplitudes of the 8.85-year cycle of N<sub>2</sub> tide and the 4.42-year cycle of 2N<sub>2</sub> tide based on water level records of four tide gauges in the Gulf of Maine. Results indicate that the long-term trends of N<sub>2</sub> and 2N<sub>2</sub> tides vary spatially, which may be affected by the sea-level rise, coastal defenses, and other possible climate-related mechanisms. The comparison between Halifax and Eastport reveals that the topography greatly influences the amplitudes of those cycles. Moreover, a quasi 20-year oscillation is obvious in the 8.85-year cycle of N<sub>2</sub> tide. This oscillation probably relates to a 20-year mode in the North Atlantic Ocean. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45a6a8d1a58042909f597710499a877b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-45a6a8d1a58042909f597710499a877b2023-11-23T09:02:41ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122021-12-01912136210.3390/jmse9121362An Analysis of the 8.85- and 4.42-Year Cycles in the Gulf of MaineXiaolong Zong0Ruzhen Zhang1Shuwen Zhang2Fangjing Deng3Wei Zhou4Zhaoyun Chen5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaSouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaIn the background of global warming and climate change, nuisance flooding is only caused by astronomical tides, which could be modulated by the nodal cycle. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the variation in the amplitude of the nodal cycle. In this paper, we utilize the enhanced harmonic analysis method and the independent point scheme to obtain the time-dependent amplitudes of the 8.85-year cycle of N<sub>2</sub> tide and the 4.42-year cycle of 2N<sub>2</sub> tide based on water level records of four tide gauges in the Gulf of Maine. Results indicate that the long-term trends of N<sub>2</sub> and 2N<sub>2</sub> tides vary spatially, which may be affected by the sea-level rise, coastal defenses, and other possible climate-related mechanisms. The comparison between Halifax and Eastport reveals that the topography greatly influences the amplitudes of those cycles. Moreover, a quasi 20-year oscillation is obvious in the 8.85-year cycle of N<sub>2</sub> tide. This oscillation probably relates to a 20-year mode in the North Atlantic Ocean.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/12/1362tidal nodal cycleenhanced harmonic analysissea-level rise8.85-year cycle4.42-year cycle |
| spellingShingle | Xiaolong Zong Ruzhen Zhang Shuwen Zhang Fangjing Deng Wei Zhou Zhaoyun Chen An Analysis of the 8.85- and 4.42-Year Cycles in the Gulf of Maine Journal of Marine Science and Engineering tidal nodal cycle enhanced harmonic analysis sea-level rise 8.85-year cycle 4.42-year cycle |
| title | An Analysis of the 8.85- and 4.42-Year Cycles in the Gulf of Maine |
| title_full | An Analysis of the 8.85- and 4.42-Year Cycles in the Gulf of Maine |
| title_fullStr | An Analysis of the 8.85- and 4.42-Year Cycles in the Gulf of Maine |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Analysis of the 8.85- and 4.42-Year Cycles in the Gulf of Maine |
| title_short | An Analysis of the 8.85- and 4.42-Year Cycles in the Gulf of Maine |
| title_sort | analysis of the 8 85 and 4 42 year cycles in the gulf of maine |
| topic | tidal nodal cycle enhanced harmonic analysis sea-level rise 8.85-year cycle 4.42-year cycle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/12/1362 |
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