The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper
Pharmaceutical grade bentonite, containing a high amount of montmorillonite, enriched with zinc (Zn) or copper (Cu) (ZnBent and CuBent, respectively) was used as the main component for the creation of formulations for cutaneous use and tested for their antimicrobial capacity. Bentonite (Bent) with a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/8/1190 |
| _version_ | 1797522421499035648 |
|---|---|
| author | Fotini Martsouka Konstantinos Papagiannopoulos Sophia Hatziantoniou Martin Barlog Giorgos Lagiopoulos Triantafyllos Tatoulis Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou Paraskevi Lampropoulou Dimitrios Papoulis |
| author_facet | Fotini Martsouka Konstantinos Papagiannopoulos Sophia Hatziantoniou Martin Barlog Giorgos Lagiopoulos Triantafyllos Tatoulis Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou Paraskevi Lampropoulou Dimitrios Papoulis |
| author_sort | Fotini Martsouka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pharmaceutical grade bentonite, containing a high amount of montmorillonite, enriched with zinc (Zn) or copper (Cu) (ZnBent and CuBent, respectively) was used as the main component for the creation of formulations for cutaneous use and tested for their antimicrobial capacity. Bentonite (Bent) with added phenoxyethanol (PH) as a preservative and unmodified bentonite were used as control groups. The mineralogical composition, structural state, and physical or chemical properties, before and after the modification of the samples, were characterized utilizing X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM, SEM-EDS) analyses. In addition, the profile of zinc and copper concentration from two types of surfaces ZnBent and CuBent, and into Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) are discussed. Finally, the formulations in the form of basic pastes were challenged against bacteria, molds, and yeasts, and their performance was evaluated based on the European Pharmacopeia criteria. The Cu-modified bentonite performed excellently against bacteria and yeasts, while the Zn-modified bentonite only showed great results against yeasts. Therefore, Cu-modified bentonite formulations could offer antimicrobial protection without the use of preservatives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:29:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45a8f48493004429abdec6bbabf86a36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:29:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-45a8f48493004429abdec6bbabf86a362023-11-22T09:14:03ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-08-01138119010.3390/pharmaceutics13081190The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and CopperFotini Martsouka0Konstantinos Papagiannopoulos1Sophia Hatziantoniou2Martin Barlog3Giorgos Lagiopoulos4Triantafyllos Tatoulis5Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou6Paraskevi Lampropoulou7Dimitrios Papoulis8Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 36 Bratislava, SlovakiaMicrobiology Department, Quality Assurance and Control Systems—QACS Labs, Antigonis 1, Metamorfosis, 14451 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., 30100 Agrinio, GreeceDepartment of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., 30100 Agrinio, GreeceDepartment of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreecePharmaceutical grade bentonite, containing a high amount of montmorillonite, enriched with zinc (Zn) or copper (Cu) (ZnBent and CuBent, respectively) was used as the main component for the creation of formulations for cutaneous use and tested for their antimicrobial capacity. Bentonite (Bent) with added phenoxyethanol (PH) as a preservative and unmodified bentonite were used as control groups. The mineralogical composition, structural state, and physical or chemical properties, before and after the modification of the samples, were characterized utilizing X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM, SEM-EDS) analyses. In addition, the profile of zinc and copper concentration from two types of surfaces ZnBent and CuBent, and into Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) are discussed. Finally, the formulations in the form of basic pastes were challenged against bacteria, molds, and yeasts, and their performance was evaluated based on the European Pharmacopeia criteria. The Cu-modified bentonite performed excellently against bacteria and yeasts, while the Zn-modified bentonite only showed great results against yeasts. Therefore, Cu-modified bentonite formulations could offer antimicrobial protection without the use of preservatives.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/8/1190antimicrobial protectionbentonitecoppertopical formulationzinc |
| spellingShingle | Fotini Martsouka Konstantinos Papagiannopoulos Sophia Hatziantoniou Martin Barlog Giorgos Lagiopoulos Triantafyllos Tatoulis Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou Paraskevi Lampropoulou Dimitrios Papoulis The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper Pharmaceutics antimicrobial protection bentonite copper topical formulation zinc |
| title | The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper |
| title_full | The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper |
| title_fullStr | The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper |
| title_short | The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper |
| title_sort | antimicrobial properties of modified pharmaceutical bentonite with zinc and copper |
| topic | antimicrobial protection bentonite copper topical formulation zinc |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/8/1190 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fotinimartsouka theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT konstantinospapagiannopoulos theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT sophiahatziantoniou theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT martinbarlog theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT giorgoslagiopoulos theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT triantafyllostatoulis theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT athanasiagtekerlekopoulou theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT paraskevilampropoulou theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT dimitriospapoulis theantimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT fotinimartsouka antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT konstantinospapagiannopoulos antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT sophiahatziantoniou antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT martinbarlog antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT giorgoslagiopoulos antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT triantafyllostatoulis antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT athanasiagtekerlekopoulou antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT paraskevilampropoulou antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper AT dimitriospapoulis antimicrobialpropertiesofmodifiedpharmaceuticalbentonitewithzincandcopper |