Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat Model
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that clinically presented as impaired social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and weakened communication. The use of bee pollen as a supplement rich in amino acids amino acids, vitamins, lipids, and countless bioactive substances ma...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/571 |
| _version_ | 1797433313590247424 |
|---|---|
| author | Hanan A. Alfawaz Afaf El-Ansary Laila Al-Ayadhi Ramesa Shafi Bhat Wail M. Hassan |
| author_facet | Hanan A. Alfawaz Afaf El-Ansary Laila Al-Ayadhi Ramesa Shafi Bhat Wail M. Hassan |
| author_sort | Hanan A. Alfawaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that clinically presented as impaired social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and weakened communication. The use of bee pollen as a supplement rich in amino acids amino acids, vitamins, lipids, and countless bioactive substances may lead to the relief of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and impaired neurochemistry as etiological mechanisms autism. Thirty young male Western albino rats were randomly divided as: Group I-control; Group II, in which autism was induced by the oral administration of 250 mg propionic acid/kg body weight/day for three days followed by orally administered saline until the end of experiment and Group III, the bee pollen-treated group, in which the rats were treated with 250 mg/kg body weight of bee pollen for four weeks before autism was induced as described for Group II. Markers related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neurochemistry were measured in the brain tissue. Our results indicated that while glutathione serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), GABA/Glutamate ratio, and vitamin C were significantly reduced in propionic acid-treated group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), glutamate, IFN-γ, IL-1A, IL-6, caspase-3, and lipid peroxide levels were significantly elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Bee pollen supplementation demonstrates protective potency presented as amelioration of most of the measured variables with significance range between (<i>p</i> < 0.05)–(<i>p</i> < 0.001). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:15:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45aafa527ed24f29aeb22760011b76be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:15:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-45aafa527ed24f29aeb22760011b76be2023-12-01T22:26:34ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-06-0112757110.3390/metabo12070571Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat ModelHanan A. Alfawaz0Afaf El-Ansary1Laila Al-Ayadhi2Ramesa Shafi Bhat3Wail M. Hassan4Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaCentral Research Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi ArabiaBiochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USAAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that clinically presented as impaired social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and weakened communication. The use of bee pollen as a supplement rich in amino acids amino acids, vitamins, lipids, and countless bioactive substances may lead to the relief of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and impaired neurochemistry as etiological mechanisms autism. Thirty young male Western albino rats were randomly divided as: Group I-control; Group II, in which autism was induced by the oral administration of 250 mg propionic acid/kg body weight/day for three days followed by orally administered saline until the end of experiment and Group III, the bee pollen-treated group, in which the rats were treated with 250 mg/kg body weight of bee pollen for four weeks before autism was induced as described for Group II. Markers related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neurochemistry were measured in the brain tissue. Our results indicated that while glutathione serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), GABA/Glutamate ratio, and vitamin C were significantly reduced in propionic acid-treated group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), glutamate, IFN-γ, IL-1A, IL-6, caspase-3, and lipid peroxide levels were significantly elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Bee pollen supplementation demonstrates protective potency presented as amelioration of most of the measured variables with significance range between (<i>p</i> < 0.05)–(<i>p</i> < 0.001).https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/571autism spectrum disorderspropionic acidneurotransmitterscytokinesapoptosisoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Hanan A. Alfawaz Afaf El-Ansary Laila Al-Ayadhi Ramesa Shafi Bhat Wail M. Hassan Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat Model Metabolites autism spectrum disorders propionic acid neurotransmitters cytokines apoptosis oxidative stress |
| title | Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat Model |
| title_full | Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat Model |
| title_short | Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat Model |
| title_sort | protective effects of bee pollen on multiple propionic acid induced biochemical autistic features in a rat model |
| topic | autism spectrum disorders propionic acid neurotransmitters cytokines apoptosis oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/571 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hananaalfawaz protectiveeffectsofbeepollenonmultiplepropionicacidinducedbiochemicalautisticfeaturesinaratmodel AT afafelansary protectiveeffectsofbeepollenonmultiplepropionicacidinducedbiochemicalautisticfeaturesinaratmodel AT lailaalayadhi protectiveeffectsofbeepollenonmultiplepropionicacidinducedbiochemicalautisticfeaturesinaratmodel AT ramesashafibhat protectiveeffectsofbeepollenonmultiplepropionicacidinducedbiochemicalautisticfeaturesinaratmodel AT wailmhassan protectiveeffectsofbeepollenonmultiplepropionicacidinducedbiochemicalautisticfeaturesinaratmodel |