The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh
Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in poultry in Bangladesh. We performed genotypic and pathotypic characterization of four ND virus (NDV) isolates from recent outbreaks in broiler chickens in Bangladesh during the period of 2020–2021. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete fusion protein gene c...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| author | Mohammed Nooruzzaman Ismail Hossain Jahan Ara Begum Moktader Moula Shamsul Arefin Khaled Rokshana Parvin Emdadul Haque Chowdhury Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Diego G. Diel Kiril M. Dimitrov |
| author_facet | Mohammed Nooruzzaman Ismail Hossain Jahan Ara Begum Moktader Moula Shamsul Arefin Khaled Rokshana Parvin Emdadul Haque Chowdhury Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Diego G. Diel Kiril M. Dimitrov |
| author_sort | Mohammed Nooruzzaman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in poultry in Bangladesh. We performed genotypic and pathotypic characterization of four ND virus (NDV) isolates from recent outbreaks in broiler chickens in Bangladesh during the period of 2020–2021. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete fusion protein gene coding sequences classified the viruses into NDV class II genotype VII.2 together with viruses from Indonesia isolated between 2014 and 2021 and a single 2020 Indian isolate. Pathogenicity testing using the intracerebral pathogenicity index in day-old chickens and mean embryo death time in embryonating chicken eggs revealed that the Bangladeshi isolates are velogenic. Inoculation of 35-day-old chickens with two NDV isolates (LT67 and N5) resulted in 100% morbidity by 3 days post inoculation (DPI), and all birds succumbed to infection by 7 DPI. Massive hemorrhages, congestion and necrotic lesions were observed in different visceral organs, which were typical for infection with a velogenic viscerotropic pathotype of NDV. At microscopic examination, tracheitis, severe pneumonia, focal proventriculitis, transmural enteritis, focal myocarditis, severe congestion and necrosis in kidneys, and lymphoid depletion in lymphoid tissues were found. Our study reports the first outbreak of the panzootic genotype VII.2 NDV in poultry in Bangladesh and documents a possible recent re-introduction of this NDV genotype from Southeast or East Asia. This study further provides viral distribution and epidemiological data that can facilitate the effective control of NDV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:44:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45ab8779fe8c432491ae301f59895a21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:44:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-45ab8779fe8c432491ae301f59895a212023-11-24T18:36:47ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-11-011412262710.3390/v14122627The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in BangladeshMohammed Nooruzzaman0Ismail Hossain1Jahan Ara Begum2Moktader Moula3Shamsul Arefin Khaled4Rokshana Parvin5Emdadul Haque Chowdhury6Mohammad Rafiqul Islam7Diego G. Diel8Kiril M. Dimitrov9Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshNourish Poultry and Hatchery Limited, 39 Sonargaon Janapath, Dhaka 1230, BangladeshNourish Poultry and Hatchery Limited, 39 Sonargaon Janapath, Dhaka 1230, BangladeshDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USATexas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 483 Agronomy Rd, College Station, TX 77843, USANewcastle disease (ND) is endemic in poultry in Bangladesh. We performed genotypic and pathotypic characterization of four ND virus (NDV) isolates from recent outbreaks in broiler chickens in Bangladesh during the period of 2020–2021. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete fusion protein gene coding sequences classified the viruses into NDV class II genotype VII.2 together with viruses from Indonesia isolated between 2014 and 2021 and a single 2020 Indian isolate. Pathogenicity testing using the intracerebral pathogenicity index in day-old chickens and mean embryo death time in embryonating chicken eggs revealed that the Bangladeshi isolates are velogenic. Inoculation of 35-day-old chickens with two NDV isolates (LT67 and N5) resulted in 100% morbidity by 3 days post inoculation (DPI), and all birds succumbed to infection by 7 DPI. Massive hemorrhages, congestion and necrotic lesions were observed in different visceral organs, which were typical for infection with a velogenic viscerotropic pathotype of NDV. At microscopic examination, tracheitis, severe pneumonia, focal proventriculitis, transmural enteritis, focal myocarditis, severe congestion and necrosis in kidneys, and lymphoid depletion in lymphoid tissues were found. Our study reports the first outbreak of the panzootic genotype VII.2 NDV in poultry in Bangladesh and documents a possible recent re-introduction of this NDV genotype from Southeast or East Asia. This study further provides viral distribution and epidemiological data that can facilitate the effective control of NDV.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2627Newcastle disease virusgenotype VII.2chickenspathogenicityBangladesh |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Nooruzzaman Ismail Hossain Jahan Ara Begum Moktader Moula Shamsul Arefin Khaled Rokshana Parvin Emdadul Haque Chowdhury Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Diego G. Diel Kiril M. Dimitrov The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh Viruses Newcastle disease virus genotype VII.2 chickens pathogenicity Bangladesh |
| title | The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh |
| title_full | The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh |
| title_short | The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh |
| title_sort | first report of a virulent newcastle disease virus of genotype vii 2 causing outbreaks in chickens in bangladesh |
| topic | Newcastle disease virus genotype VII.2 chickens pathogenicity Bangladesh |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2627 |
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