Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese children
Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in Chinese children. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 1208 eyes (from 617 Chinese boys and 591 Chinese girls), ranging between 2 and 12 years. All subjects were divide...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266737622100010X |
| _version_ | 1818775712768720896 |
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| author | Shuying Chen Xin Liu Xiaotong Sha Xiaoxia Yang Xiaoning Yu |
| author_facet | Shuying Chen Xin Liu Xiaotong Sha Xiaoxia Yang Xiaoning Yu |
| author_sort | Shuying Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in Chinese children. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 1208 eyes (from 617 Chinese boys and 591 Chinese girls), ranging between 2 and 12 years. All subjects were divided into subgroups according to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia) and age (2–6 years, 7–9 years, and 10–12 years). Comparisons were made between age, sex, and SER groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of AL and SER for all groups. Results: The mean AL and SER were significantly different among the three age groups: 2–6 years group (AL: 22.24 ± 1.59 mm; SER: 0.73 ± 2.67 D); 7–9 years group (AL: 23.49 ± 1.10 mm; SE: -0.68 ± 1.97 D) and 10–12 years group (AL: 24.33 ± 1.02 mm; SER: -1.72 ± 1.86 D). Boys showed longer AL compared with the girls (23.66 ± 1.51 mm vs 23.05 ± 1.32 mm). However, as for SER, the girls (−0.70 ± 2.17 D) showed smaller SER (more myopia) compared with the boys (−0.4 ± 2.48 D). After adjusting for age and sex, the SER tended to decrease (became more myopic) 1.23 D (95% CI: 1.15–1.30D) with a 1 mm increase of AL. Among the different SER groups, the SER tended to become more myopic per mm of AL by 1.09 D (95% CI: 0.97–1.21D) for the myopia group, 1.38 D (95% CI: 1.23–1.54 D) for the hyperopia group, and 0.05 D (95% CI: 0.02–0.08 D) for the emmetropic group. In addition, an increase of 1 mm elongation of AL showed a decrease of SER by 1.05 D (95% CI: 0.90–1.20 D) among 2 – 6-year-olds, by 1.40 D (95% CI: 1.30–1.51 D) among 7 – 9-year-olds, and by 1.37 D (95% CI: 1.21–1.52 D) among 10–12-year-olds. As for sexual differences, the girls 1.68 D, (95% CI: 1.57–1.79 D) showed a more significant myopic shift of SER with a 1 mm increase of AL compared with the boys (0.94 D, 95% CI: 0.84–1.04 D). Conclusions: Our results indicated a strong linear relationship between SER and AL and an early-rising trend of myopia in Chinese children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:01:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45abba0f68c84d7482a12f96957e770d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-3762 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:01:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-45abba0f68c84d7482a12f96957e770d2022-12-21T21:10:12ZengElsevierAdvances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research2667-37622021-12-0112100010Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese childrenShuying Chen0Xin Liu1Xiaotong Sha2Xiaoxia Yang3Xiaoning Yu4Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaEye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaEye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaEye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaCorresponding author. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China.; Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaPurpose: To evaluate the relationship between axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in Chinese children. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 1208 eyes (from 617 Chinese boys and 591 Chinese girls), ranging between 2 and 12 years. All subjects were divided into subgroups according to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia) and age (2–6 years, 7–9 years, and 10–12 years). Comparisons were made between age, sex, and SER groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of AL and SER for all groups. Results: The mean AL and SER were significantly different among the three age groups: 2–6 years group (AL: 22.24 ± 1.59 mm; SER: 0.73 ± 2.67 D); 7–9 years group (AL: 23.49 ± 1.10 mm; SE: -0.68 ± 1.97 D) and 10–12 years group (AL: 24.33 ± 1.02 mm; SER: -1.72 ± 1.86 D). Boys showed longer AL compared with the girls (23.66 ± 1.51 mm vs 23.05 ± 1.32 mm). However, as for SER, the girls (−0.70 ± 2.17 D) showed smaller SER (more myopia) compared with the boys (−0.4 ± 2.48 D). After adjusting for age and sex, the SER tended to decrease (became more myopic) 1.23 D (95% CI: 1.15–1.30D) with a 1 mm increase of AL. Among the different SER groups, the SER tended to become more myopic per mm of AL by 1.09 D (95% CI: 0.97–1.21D) for the myopia group, 1.38 D (95% CI: 1.23–1.54 D) for the hyperopia group, and 0.05 D (95% CI: 0.02–0.08 D) for the emmetropic group. In addition, an increase of 1 mm elongation of AL showed a decrease of SER by 1.05 D (95% CI: 0.90–1.20 D) among 2 – 6-year-olds, by 1.40 D (95% CI: 1.30–1.51 D) among 7 – 9-year-olds, and by 1.37 D (95% CI: 1.21–1.52 D) among 10–12-year-olds. As for sexual differences, the girls 1.68 D, (95% CI: 1.57–1.79 D) showed a more significant myopic shift of SER with a 1 mm increase of AL compared with the boys (0.94 D, 95% CI: 0.84–1.04 D). Conclusions: Our results indicated a strong linear relationship between SER and AL and an early-rising trend of myopia in Chinese children.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266737622100010XMyopiaAxial lengthSpherical refractionRefractive errorChildrenAge |
| spellingShingle | Shuying Chen Xin Liu Xiaotong Sha Xiaoxia Yang Xiaoning Yu Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese children Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research Myopia Axial length Spherical refraction Refractive error Children Age |
| title | Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese children |
| title_full | Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese children |
| title_fullStr | Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese children |
| title_short | Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese children |
| title_sort | relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in chinese children |
| topic | Myopia Axial length Spherical refraction Refractive error Children Age |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266737622100010X |
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