Removal of Phenol by <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP after Dormancy: Insight into Enzymes’ Induction, Specificity, and Cells Viability
Biodegradation of phenol is an effective method for removing this toxicant from contaminated sites. Phenol is a toxic compound for living cells, so many bacteria degrade phenol in relatively low concentrations, up to 0.75 g L<sup>−1</sup>. The <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> strain...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/597 |
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| author | Natalia S. Egozarian Elena V. Emelyanova Nataliya E. Suzina Olesya I. Sazonova Valentina N. Polivtseva Tatiana O. Anokhina Yonghong Wu Inna P. Solyanikova |
| author_facet | Natalia S. Egozarian Elena V. Emelyanova Nataliya E. Suzina Olesya I. Sazonova Valentina N. Polivtseva Tatiana O. Anokhina Yonghong Wu Inna P. Solyanikova |
| author_sort | Natalia S. Egozarian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biodegradation of phenol is an effective method for removing this toxicant from contaminated sites. Phenol is a toxic compound for living cells, so many bacteria degrade phenol in relatively low concentrations, up to 0.75 g L<sup>−1</sup>. The <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> strain 1CP is an effective destructor of a wide range of pollutants. In the absence of a carbon source in the medium, cells of the <i>R. opacus</i> 1CP strain easily form cyst-like resting cells (CLC). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the viability of cells during long-term storage and the efficiency of the process of phenol destruction by <i>R. opacus</i> 1CP cells germinating after dormancy. Resting cells were obtained by simple cultivation in a rich medium followed by storage under static conditions. This is a simple approach to obtain a large amount of biomass. Decomposition of phenol proceeded via catechol followed by <i>ortho</i>-cleavage of aromatic ring. The induction of three phenol hydroxylases was detected by RT-PCR in cells germinated in a mineral medium with phenol as the carbon source. The stability of the genome of cells germinating after dormancy is shown by box-PCR. Dormant <i>R. opacus</i> 1CP cells, both suspended and immobilized, can be directly used for the decomposition of phenol after 4–12 months storage. In addition to phenol, after 9 months of storage, immobilized germinating cells easily metabolized 4-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The results demonstrate a potential and simple approach toward achieving long-term storage of cells for further use in bioremediation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:59:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45ac7a1c525f412fa4d3eec501ead623 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:59:12Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-45ac7a1c525f412fa4d3eec501ead6232024-03-27T13:55:57ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-03-0112359710.3390/microorganisms12030597Removal of Phenol by <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP after Dormancy: Insight into Enzymes’ Induction, Specificity, and Cells ViabilityNatalia S. Egozarian0Elena V. Emelyanova1Nataliya E. Suzina2Olesya I. Sazonova3Valentina N. Polivtseva4Tatiana O. Anokhina5Yonghong Wu6Inna P. Solyanikova7G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, RussiaG.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, RussiaG.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, RussiaG.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, RussiaG.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, RussiaG.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, RussiaState Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, ChinaG.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, RussiaBiodegradation of phenol is an effective method for removing this toxicant from contaminated sites. Phenol is a toxic compound for living cells, so many bacteria degrade phenol in relatively low concentrations, up to 0.75 g L<sup>−1</sup>. The <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> strain 1CP is an effective destructor of a wide range of pollutants. In the absence of a carbon source in the medium, cells of the <i>R. opacus</i> 1CP strain easily form cyst-like resting cells (CLC). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the viability of cells during long-term storage and the efficiency of the process of phenol destruction by <i>R. opacus</i> 1CP cells germinating after dormancy. Resting cells were obtained by simple cultivation in a rich medium followed by storage under static conditions. This is a simple approach to obtain a large amount of biomass. Decomposition of phenol proceeded via catechol followed by <i>ortho</i>-cleavage of aromatic ring. The induction of three phenol hydroxylases was detected by RT-PCR in cells germinated in a mineral medium with phenol as the carbon source. The stability of the genome of cells germinating after dormancy is shown by box-PCR. Dormant <i>R. opacus</i> 1CP cells, both suspended and immobilized, can be directly used for the decomposition of phenol after 4–12 months storage. In addition to phenol, after 9 months of storage, immobilized germinating cells easily metabolized 4-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The results demonstrate a potential and simple approach toward achieving long-term storage of cells for further use in bioremediation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/597<i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> strain 1CPdormancydegradationphenolimmobilizationbox-PCR |
| spellingShingle | Natalia S. Egozarian Elena V. Emelyanova Nataliya E. Suzina Olesya I. Sazonova Valentina N. Polivtseva Tatiana O. Anokhina Yonghong Wu Inna P. Solyanikova Removal of Phenol by <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP after Dormancy: Insight into Enzymes’ Induction, Specificity, and Cells Viability Microorganisms <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> strain 1CP dormancy degradation phenol immobilization box-PCR |
| title | Removal of Phenol by <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP after Dormancy: Insight into Enzymes’ Induction, Specificity, and Cells Viability |
| title_full | Removal of Phenol by <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP after Dormancy: Insight into Enzymes’ Induction, Specificity, and Cells Viability |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Phenol by <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP after Dormancy: Insight into Enzymes’ Induction, Specificity, and Cells Viability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Phenol by <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP after Dormancy: Insight into Enzymes’ Induction, Specificity, and Cells Viability |
| title_short | Removal of Phenol by <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP after Dormancy: Insight into Enzymes’ Induction, Specificity, and Cells Viability |
| title_sort | removal of phenol by i rhodococcus opacus i 1cp after dormancy insight into enzymes induction specificity and cells viability |
| topic | <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> strain 1CP dormancy degradation phenol immobilization box-PCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/597 |
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