Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation
Abstract Background Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are critical for sustaining spermatogenesis. Even though several regulators of SSC have been identified in rodents, the regulatory mechanism of SSC in humans has yet to be discovered. Methods To explore the regulatory mechanisms of human SSCs, we...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Biological Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-023-00413-w |
| _version_ | 1811176012607651840 |
|---|---|
| author | Ning Li Qianyin Zhou Zhang Yi Huan Zhang Dai Zhou |
| author_facet | Ning Li Qianyin Zhou Zhang Yi Huan Zhang Dai Zhou |
| author_sort | Ning Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are critical for sustaining spermatogenesis. Even though several regulators of SSC have been identified in rodents, the regulatory mechanism of SSC in humans has yet to be discovered. Methods To explore the regulatory mechanisms of human SSCs, we analyzed publicly available human testicular single-cell sequencing data and found that Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 9 (ASB9) is highly expressed in SSCs. We examined the expression localization of ASB9 using immunohistochemistry and overexpressed ASB9 in human SSC lines to explore its role in SSC proliferation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, we used immunoprecipitation to find the target protein of ASB9 and verified its functions. In addition, we examined the changes in the distribution of ASB9 in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results The results of uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) clustering and pseudotime analysis showed that ASB9 was highly expressed in SSCs, and its expression gradually increased during development. The immunohistochemical and dual-color immunofluorescence results displayed that ASB9 was mainly expressed in nonproliferating SSCs. Overexpression of ASB9 in the SSC line revealed significant inhibition of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. We predicted the target proteins of ASB9 and verified that hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor (HIF1AN), but not creatine kinase B-type (CKB), has a direct interaction with ASB9 in human SSC line using protein immunoprecipitation experiments. Subsequently, we re-expressed HIF1AN in ASB9 overexpressing cells and found that HIF1AN reversed the proliferative and apoptotic changes induced by ASB9 overexpression. In addition, we found that ABS9 was significantly downregulated in some NOA patients, implying a correlation between ASB9 dysregulation and impaired spermatogenesis. Conclusion ASB9 is predominantly expressed in human SSCs, it affects the proliferation and apoptotic process of the SSC line through HIF1AN, and its abnormal expression may be associated with NOA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:45:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45addbe5bf694eb3915cc8951d644946 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0717-6287 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:45:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biological Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-45addbe5bf694eb3915cc8951d6449462023-01-29T12:04:52ZengBMCBiological Research0717-62872023-01-0156111410.1186/s40659-023-00413-wUbiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradationNing Li0Qianyin Zhou1Zhang Yi2Huan Zhang3Dai Zhou4Operating Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityReproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XiangyaReproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XiangyaReproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XiangyaReproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XiangyaAbstract Background Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are critical for sustaining spermatogenesis. Even though several regulators of SSC have been identified in rodents, the regulatory mechanism of SSC in humans has yet to be discovered. Methods To explore the regulatory mechanisms of human SSCs, we analyzed publicly available human testicular single-cell sequencing data and found that Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 9 (ASB9) is highly expressed in SSCs. We examined the expression localization of ASB9 using immunohistochemistry and overexpressed ASB9 in human SSC lines to explore its role in SSC proliferation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, we used immunoprecipitation to find the target protein of ASB9 and verified its functions. In addition, we examined the changes in the distribution of ASB9 in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results The results of uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) clustering and pseudotime analysis showed that ASB9 was highly expressed in SSCs, and its expression gradually increased during development. The immunohistochemical and dual-color immunofluorescence results displayed that ASB9 was mainly expressed in nonproliferating SSCs. Overexpression of ASB9 in the SSC line revealed significant inhibition of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. We predicted the target proteins of ASB9 and verified that hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor (HIF1AN), but not creatine kinase B-type (CKB), has a direct interaction with ASB9 in human SSC line using protein immunoprecipitation experiments. Subsequently, we re-expressed HIF1AN in ASB9 overexpressing cells and found that HIF1AN reversed the proliferative and apoptotic changes induced by ASB9 overexpression. In addition, we found that ABS9 was significantly downregulated in some NOA patients, implying a correlation between ASB9 dysregulation and impaired spermatogenesis. Conclusion ASB9 is predominantly expressed in human SSCs, it affects the proliferation and apoptotic process of the SSC line through HIF1AN, and its abnormal expression may be associated with NOA.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-023-00413-wHumanTestisSpermatogonial stem cellsProliferationASB9HIF1AN |
| spellingShingle | Ning Li Qianyin Zhou Zhang Yi Huan Zhang Dai Zhou Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation Biological Research Human Testis Spermatogonial stem cells Proliferation ASB9 HIF1AN |
| title | Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation |
| title_full | Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation |
| title_fullStr | Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation |
| title_short | Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation |
| title_sort | ubiquitin protein e3 ligase asb9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing hif1an degradation |
| topic | Human Testis Spermatogonial stem cells Proliferation ASB9 HIF1AN |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-023-00413-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ningli ubiquitinproteine3ligaseasb9suppressesproliferationandpromotesapoptosisinhumanspermatogonialstemcelllinebyinducinghif1andegradation AT qianyinzhou ubiquitinproteine3ligaseasb9suppressesproliferationandpromotesapoptosisinhumanspermatogonialstemcelllinebyinducinghif1andegradation AT zhangyi ubiquitinproteine3ligaseasb9suppressesproliferationandpromotesapoptosisinhumanspermatogonialstemcelllinebyinducinghif1andegradation AT huanzhang ubiquitinproteine3ligaseasb9suppressesproliferationandpromotesapoptosisinhumanspermatogonialstemcelllinebyinducinghif1andegradation AT daizhou ubiquitinproteine3ligaseasb9suppressesproliferationandpromotesapoptosisinhumanspermatogonialstemcelllinebyinducinghif1andegradation |