Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>
Astaxanthin derived from <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> is a valuable metabolite applied in a wide range of products. Its extraction depends on a sophisticated series of downstream process steps, including harvesting, disruption, drying, and extraction, of which some are dependent on eac...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/9/1352 |
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| author | Inga K. Koopmann Simone Möller Clemens Elle Stefan Hindersin Annemarie Kramer Antje Labes |
| author_facet | Inga K. Koopmann Simone Möller Clemens Elle Stefan Hindersin Annemarie Kramer Antje Labes |
| author_sort | Inga K. Koopmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Astaxanthin derived from <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> is a valuable metabolite applied in a wide range of products. Its extraction depends on a sophisticated series of downstream process steps, including harvesting, disruption, drying, and extraction, of which some are dependent on each other. To determine the processes that yield maximum astaxanthin recovery, bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, and no disruption of <i>H. pluvialis</i> biomass were coupled with spray-drying, vacuum-drying, and freeze-drying in all possible combinations. Eventually, astaxanthin was extracted using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. Optimal conditions for spray-drying were evaluated through the design of experiments and standard least squares regression (feed rate: 5.8 mL/min, spray gas flow: 400 NL/h, inlet temperature: 180 °C). Maximal astaxanthin recoveries were yielded using high-pressure homogenization and lyophilization (85.4%). All combinations of milling or high-pressure homogenization and lyophilization or spray-drying resulted in similar recoveries. Bead milling and spray-drying repeated with a larger spray-dryer resulted in similar astaxanthin recoveries compared with the laboratory scale. Smaller astaxanthin recoveries after the extraction of vacuum-dried biomass were mainly attributed to textural changes. Evaluation of these results in an economic context led to a recommendation for bead milling and spray-drying prior to supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction to achieve the maximum astaxanthin recoveries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:09:02Z |
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| id | doaj.art-45ae89188d93447bb32ac797152dbd08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:09:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-45ae89188d93447bb32ac797152dbd082023-11-23T08:14:16ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-05-01119135210.3390/foods11091352Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>Inga K. Koopmann0Simone Möller1Clemens Elle2Stefan Hindersin3Annemarie Kramer4Antje Labes5ZAiT, Bio and Food Technology, Faculty Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, GermanyZAiT, Bio and Food Technology, Faculty Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, GermanySea & Sun Technology GmbH, 24610 Trappenkamp, GermanySea & Sun Technology GmbH, 24610 Trappenkamp, GermanyZAiT, Bio and Food Technology, Faculty Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, GermanyZAiT, Bio and Food Technology, Faculty Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, GermanyAstaxanthin derived from <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> is a valuable metabolite applied in a wide range of products. Its extraction depends on a sophisticated series of downstream process steps, including harvesting, disruption, drying, and extraction, of which some are dependent on each other. To determine the processes that yield maximum astaxanthin recovery, bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, and no disruption of <i>H. pluvialis</i> biomass were coupled with spray-drying, vacuum-drying, and freeze-drying in all possible combinations. Eventually, astaxanthin was extracted using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. Optimal conditions for spray-drying were evaluated through the design of experiments and standard least squares regression (feed rate: 5.8 mL/min, spray gas flow: 400 NL/h, inlet temperature: 180 °C). Maximal astaxanthin recoveries were yielded using high-pressure homogenization and lyophilization (85.4%). All combinations of milling or high-pressure homogenization and lyophilization or spray-drying resulted in similar recoveries. Bead milling and spray-drying repeated with a larger spray-dryer resulted in similar astaxanthin recoveries compared with the laboratory scale. Smaller astaxanthin recoveries after the extraction of vacuum-dried biomass were mainly attributed to textural changes. Evaluation of these results in an economic context led to a recommendation for bead milling and spray-drying prior to supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction to achieve the maximum astaxanthin recoveries.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/9/1352isomerizationUHPLC-PDA-MSmicroalgaecarotenoidsdisruptiondrying |
| spellingShingle | Inga K. Koopmann Simone Möller Clemens Elle Stefan Hindersin Annemarie Kramer Antje Labes Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> Foods isomerization UHPLC-PDA-MS microalgae carotenoids disruption drying |
| title | Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> |
| title_full | Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> |
| title_short | Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> |
| title_sort | optimization of astaxanthin recovery in the downstream process of i haematococcus pluvialis i |
| topic | isomerization UHPLC-PDA-MS microalgae carotenoids disruption drying |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/9/1352 |
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