Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that can adversely affect animals consuming contaminated feeds. This 71-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary deoxynivalenol plus zearalenone (DON+ZEN = 1.6 + 0.3 ppm), and fumonisins (FUM = 15 ppm), and three adsorbent additives...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Animal Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2023.1281722/full |
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| author | Darci Carlos Fornari Darci Carlos Fornari Silvio Peixoto Silvio Peixoto Steven P. Ksepka Stephen A. Bullard Waldemar Rossi Dennis E. Nuzback D. Allen Davis |
| author_facet | Darci Carlos Fornari Darci Carlos Fornari Silvio Peixoto Silvio Peixoto Steven P. Ksepka Stephen A. Bullard Waldemar Rossi Dennis E. Nuzback D. Allen Davis |
| author_sort | Darci Carlos Fornari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that can adversely affect animals consuming contaminated feeds. This 71-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary deoxynivalenol plus zearalenone (DON+ZEN = 1.6 + 0.3 ppm), and fumonisins (FUM = 15 ppm), and three adsorbent additives on the production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology of juvenile Nile tilapia. A mycotoxin-free diet (Control) formulated to contain 35% protein and 8% lipid was spiked with either DON+ZEN or FUM using contaminated corn meals replacing portions of non-spiked corn. Subsequently, three out of four DON+ZEN- and FUM-spiked diets were supplemented (0.5%) with an adsorbent. The research was carried out in a recirculating water system (2,500 L) with a controlled temperature of (25.9 ± 1.1°C), feeding was carried out twice a day at rates ranging from 5 to 8%. The experiment included nine treatments with five replications, each experimental unit consisting of an aquarium with a useful volume of 75-L and fifteen juvenile Nile tilapia (average initial weight of 4.0 ± 0.1 g). Mycotoxin-spiked diets without added adsorbent supported lower final biomass and survival of Nile tilapia relative to control and adsorbent containing diets (P ≤ 0.05). Histological examinations revealed liver inflammation evidenced by lymphocytic infiltration adjacent to pancreatic tissue in fish fed mycotoxin-spiked diets without added adsorbent. Mycotoxin contamination significantly increased HSI (hepato somatic index), which was reverted to the Control value or reduced further by adsorbent addition. Lowest and intermediate hematocrit values were observed in groups fed mycotoxin-spiked diets without and with added adsorbents, respectively. Our results reinforce the importance of using adsorbents and the need to investigate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of mycotoxins in aquaculture feeds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:46:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45b0b0a46a274390b23b23186e6204f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6225 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:46:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Animal Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-45b0b0a46a274390b23b23186e6204f52023-11-14T02:22:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Animal Science2673-62252023-11-01410.3389/fanim.2023.12817221281722Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)Darci Carlos Fornari0Darci Carlos Fornari1Silvio Peixoto2Silvio Peixoto3Steven P. Ksepka4Stephen A. Bullard5Waldemar Rossi6Dennis E. Nuzback7D. Allen Davis8AQUAM, Animal Science Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilSchool of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesSchool of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesDepartment of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilSoutheastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesSoutheastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesSchool of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY, United StatesPhibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ, United StatesSchool of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesMycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that can adversely affect animals consuming contaminated feeds. This 71-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary deoxynivalenol plus zearalenone (DON+ZEN = 1.6 + 0.3 ppm), and fumonisins (FUM = 15 ppm), and three adsorbent additives on the production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology of juvenile Nile tilapia. A mycotoxin-free diet (Control) formulated to contain 35% protein and 8% lipid was spiked with either DON+ZEN or FUM using contaminated corn meals replacing portions of non-spiked corn. Subsequently, three out of four DON+ZEN- and FUM-spiked diets were supplemented (0.5%) with an adsorbent. The research was carried out in a recirculating water system (2,500 L) with a controlled temperature of (25.9 ± 1.1°C), feeding was carried out twice a day at rates ranging from 5 to 8%. The experiment included nine treatments with five replications, each experimental unit consisting of an aquarium with a useful volume of 75-L and fifteen juvenile Nile tilapia (average initial weight of 4.0 ± 0.1 g). Mycotoxin-spiked diets without added adsorbent supported lower final biomass and survival of Nile tilapia relative to control and adsorbent containing diets (P ≤ 0.05). Histological examinations revealed liver inflammation evidenced by lymphocytic infiltration adjacent to pancreatic tissue in fish fed mycotoxin-spiked diets without added adsorbent. Mycotoxin contamination significantly increased HSI (hepato somatic index), which was reverted to the Control value or reduced further by adsorbent addition. Lowest and intermediate hematocrit values were observed in groups fed mycotoxin-spiked diets without and with added adsorbents, respectively. Our results reinforce the importance of using adsorbents and the need to investigate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of mycotoxins in aquaculture feeds.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2023.1281722/fullfumonisinsdeoxynivalenolzearalenoneadsorbentsproductive performance |
| spellingShingle | Darci Carlos Fornari Darci Carlos Fornari Silvio Peixoto Silvio Peixoto Steven P. Ksepka Stephen A. Bullard Waldemar Rossi Dennis E. Nuzback D. Allen Davis Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Frontiers in Animal Science fumonisins deoxynivalenol zearalenone adsorbents productive performance |
| title | Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_full | Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_short | Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_sort | effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance hematological parameters and liver histology in juvenile nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus |
| topic | fumonisins deoxynivalenol zearalenone adsorbents productive performance |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2023.1281722/full |
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