Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
The <i>Candida</i> species cause a majority of invasive fungal infections. In this article, we describe the nationwide epidemiology of candidemia in Kuwait in 2018. Yeast bloodstream isolates submitted from all major hospitals and identified by phenotypic MALDI-TOF MS and/or by molecular...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/8/673 |
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| author | Khaled Alobaid Suhail Ahmad Mohammad Asadzadeh Eiman Mokaddas Noura Al-Sweih Khalifa Albenwan Wadha Alfouzan Inaam Al-Obaid Ahlam Jeragh Ebtihal Al-Roomi Ziauddin Khan Leena Joseph Soumya Varghese |
| author_facet | Khaled Alobaid Suhail Ahmad Mohammad Asadzadeh Eiman Mokaddas Noura Al-Sweih Khalifa Albenwan Wadha Alfouzan Inaam Al-Obaid Ahlam Jeragh Ebtihal Al-Roomi Ziauddin Khan Leena Joseph Soumya Varghese |
| author_sort | Khaled Alobaid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The <i>Candida</i> species cause a majority of invasive fungal infections. In this article, we describe the nationwide epidemiology of candidemia in Kuwait in 2018. Yeast bloodstream isolates submitted from all major hospitals and identified by phenotypic MALDI-TOF MS and/or by molecular methods were studied. Susceptibility testing was performed by Etest. Out of 313 bloodstream yeasts, 239 <i>Candida</i> spp. isolates (excluding duplicate isolates) were obtained during 234 candidemic episodes among 223 patients. Mixed-species candidemia and re-infection occurred in 5 and 11 patients, respectively. <i>C. albicans</i> (<i>n</i> = 74), <i>C. parapsilosis</i> (<i>n</i> = 54), <i>C. tropicalis</i> (<i>n</i> = 35), <i>C. auris</i> (<i>n</i> = 33), <i>C. glabrata</i> (<i>n</i> = 32), other <i>Candida</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 11), and other yeasts (<i>n</i> = 9) caused fungemia. Nearly 50% of patients were in intensive care units. <i>Candida</i> spp. isolates (except <i>C. glabrata</i>) were susceptible to caspofungin and 27% of <i>C. auris</i> were amphotericin B-resistant. Resistance to fluconazole was 100% in <i>C. auris</i>, 17% in <i>C. parapsilosis,</i> 12% in <i>C. glabrata,</i> and 1% in <i>C. albicans</i>. Mortality was 47% for other <i>Candida</i>/yeast infections. Nationwide candidemia incidence in 2018 was 5.29 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Changes in species spectrum, increasing fluconazole resistance in <i>C. parapsilosis,</i> and the emergence of <i>C. auris</i> as a major pathogen in Kuwait are noteworthy findings. The data could be of help in informing decisions regarding planning, in the allocation of resources, and in antimicrobial stewardship. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:40:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45b14f0a7c9c4abbba848446ae456d16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:40:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-45b14f0a7c9c4abbba848446ae456d162023-11-22T08:17:41ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-08-017867310.3390/jof7080673Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based StudyKhaled Alobaid0Suhail Ahmad1Mohammad Asadzadeh2Eiman Mokaddas3Noura Al-Sweih4Khalifa Albenwan5Wadha Alfouzan6Inaam Al-Obaid7Ahlam Jeragh8Ebtihal Al-Roomi9Ziauddin Khan10Leena Joseph11Soumya Varghese12Microbiology Department, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Jabriya 46300, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitMicrobiology Department, Al-Sabah Hospital, Shuwaikh 70031, KuwaitMicrobiology Department, Adan Hospital, Hadiya 47000, KuwaitMicrobiology Department, Jahra Hospital, Jahra 01753, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitMicrobiology Department, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Jabriya 46300, KuwaitThe <i>Candida</i> species cause a majority of invasive fungal infections. In this article, we describe the nationwide epidemiology of candidemia in Kuwait in 2018. Yeast bloodstream isolates submitted from all major hospitals and identified by phenotypic MALDI-TOF MS and/or by molecular methods were studied. Susceptibility testing was performed by Etest. Out of 313 bloodstream yeasts, 239 <i>Candida</i> spp. isolates (excluding duplicate isolates) were obtained during 234 candidemic episodes among 223 patients. Mixed-species candidemia and re-infection occurred in 5 and 11 patients, respectively. <i>C. albicans</i> (<i>n</i> = 74), <i>C. parapsilosis</i> (<i>n</i> = 54), <i>C. tropicalis</i> (<i>n</i> = 35), <i>C. auris</i> (<i>n</i> = 33), <i>C. glabrata</i> (<i>n</i> = 32), other <i>Candida</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 11), and other yeasts (<i>n</i> = 9) caused fungemia. Nearly 50% of patients were in intensive care units. <i>Candida</i> spp. isolates (except <i>C. glabrata</i>) were susceptible to caspofungin and 27% of <i>C. auris</i> were amphotericin B-resistant. Resistance to fluconazole was 100% in <i>C. auris</i>, 17% in <i>C. parapsilosis,</i> 12% in <i>C. glabrata,</i> and 1% in <i>C. albicans</i>. Mortality was 47% for other <i>Candida</i>/yeast infections. Nationwide candidemia incidence in 2018 was 5.29 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Changes in species spectrum, increasing fluconazole resistance in <i>C. parapsilosis,</i> and the emergence of <i>C. auris</i> as a major pathogen in Kuwait are noteworthy findings. The data could be of help in informing decisions regarding planning, in the allocation of resources, and in antimicrobial stewardship.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/8/673candidemiaKuwaitincidencespecies spectrumantifungal susceptibilityrare <i>Candida</i>/yeast species |
| spellingShingle | Khaled Alobaid Suhail Ahmad Mohammad Asadzadeh Eiman Mokaddas Noura Al-Sweih Khalifa Albenwan Wadha Alfouzan Inaam Al-Obaid Ahlam Jeragh Ebtihal Al-Roomi Ziauddin Khan Leena Joseph Soumya Varghese Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study Journal of Fungi candidemia Kuwait incidence species spectrum antifungal susceptibility rare <i>Candida</i>/yeast species |
| title | Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study |
| title_full | Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study |
| title_short | Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study |
| title_sort | epidemiology of candidemia in kuwait a nationwide population based study |
| topic | candidemia Kuwait incidence species spectrum antifungal susceptibility rare <i>Candida</i>/yeast species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/8/673 |
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