Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, as a Possible Functional Dietary Ingredient in Channel Catfish Feed
Frass–the by-product of the larva meal industry–was recently shown to be a sustainable ingredient for use in diets of several fish species. Additionally, because of its possible immunomodulatory activity and anti-microbial properties, frass may have great potential as an organic method of pathogen c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/11/542 |
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| author | Mediha Yıldırım-Aksoy Rashida Eljack Janset Aksoy Benjamin H. Beck |
| author_facet | Mediha Yıldırım-Aksoy Rashida Eljack Janset Aksoy Benjamin H. Beck |
| author_sort | Mediha Yıldırım-Aksoy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Frass–the by-product of the larva meal industry–was recently shown to be a sustainable ingredient for use in diets of several fish species. Additionally, because of its possible immunomodulatory activity and anti-microbial properties, frass may have great potential as an organic method of pathogen control in aquaculture. Five diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% frass from black soldier fly larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, were fed to channel catfish (5.24 ± 0.04 g) in quadruplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily. At the end of the 10-week feeding trial, blood samples were collected from all groups to measure hematological and immune parameters, and to determine the effects of dietary frass on resistance to <i>Flavobacterium covae</i> infection. Hematological parameters (red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit)—but not white blood cell count—were improved with the inclusion of frass. Serum glucose levels were significantly lower in fish on the diet with frass than fish on the diet without frass. Fish fed the highest dietary levels of frass (30%) had a significantly higher serum cholesterol level than fish on the control diet. Serum complement activity was significantly higher in fish on diets containing frass at levels of 10% and 20%. No significant differences were observed in other measure serum components including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, total protein, globulin, thyroxine and lysozyme activity. Even though overall mortality was low (0–17%), fish on the diets containing frass at levels 20% or more showed significantly higher survival than that of control fish or fish on lower levels of dietary frass. The use of frass in the catfish diet may prove beneficial by improving hematological parameters, and select serum immune effectors, and the overall resistance of juvenile channel catfish against <i>F. covae</i> infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:50:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45b662dfbd8c42f7893b379bd0e15326 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:50:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj.art-45b662dfbd8c42f7893b379bd0e153262023-11-24T14:41:40ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882023-11-0181154210.3390/fishes8110542Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, as a Possible Functional Dietary Ingredient in Channel Catfish FeedMediha Yıldırım-Aksoy0Rashida Eljack1Janset Aksoy2Benjamin H. Beck3Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USAAquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USAAquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USAAquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USAFrass–the by-product of the larva meal industry–was recently shown to be a sustainable ingredient for use in diets of several fish species. Additionally, because of its possible immunomodulatory activity and anti-microbial properties, frass may have great potential as an organic method of pathogen control in aquaculture. Five diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% frass from black soldier fly larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, were fed to channel catfish (5.24 ± 0.04 g) in quadruplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily. At the end of the 10-week feeding trial, blood samples were collected from all groups to measure hematological and immune parameters, and to determine the effects of dietary frass on resistance to <i>Flavobacterium covae</i> infection. Hematological parameters (red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit)—but not white blood cell count—were improved with the inclusion of frass. Serum glucose levels were significantly lower in fish on the diet with frass than fish on the diet without frass. Fish fed the highest dietary levels of frass (30%) had a significantly higher serum cholesterol level than fish on the control diet. Serum complement activity was significantly higher in fish on diets containing frass at levels of 10% and 20%. No significant differences were observed in other measure serum components including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, total protein, globulin, thyroxine and lysozyme activity. Even though overall mortality was low (0–17%), fish on the diets containing frass at levels 20% or more showed significantly higher survival than that of control fish or fish on lower levels of dietary frass. The use of frass in the catfish diet may prove beneficial by improving hematological parameters, and select serum immune effectors, and the overall resistance of juvenile channel catfish against <i>F. covae</i> infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/11/542insect larvae frassalternative feeds ingredientcatfishimmune responsesdisease resistance |
| spellingShingle | Mediha Yıldırım-Aksoy Rashida Eljack Janset Aksoy Benjamin H. Beck Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, as a Possible Functional Dietary Ingredient in Channel Catfish Feed Fishes insect larvae frass alternative feeds ingredient catfish immune responses disease resistance |
| title | Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, as a Possible Functional Dietary Ingredient in Channel Catfish Feed |
| title_full | Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, as a Possible Functional Dietary Ingredient in Channel Catfish Feed |
| title_fullStr | Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, as a Possible Functional Dietary Ingredient in Channel Catfish Feed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, as a Possible Functional Dietary Ingredient in Channel Catfish Feed |
| title_short | Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, as a Possible Functional Dietary Ingredient in Channel Catfish Feed |
| title_sort | frass from black soldier fly larvae i hermetia illucens i as a possible functional dietary ingredient in channel catfish feed |
| topic | insect larvae frass alternative feeds ingredient catfish immune responses disease resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/11/542 |
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