Gas-Phase Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO Nanoparticulate Thin Films
CuO-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials have applications in pollutant degradation via photocatalysis. However, the existing methods of fabricating these nanomaterials involve liquid-phase processes, which require several steps and typically generate liquid waste. In this study, TiO<...
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| author | Meditha Hudandini Kusdianto Kusdianto Masaru Kubo Manabu Shimada |
| author_facet | Meditha Hudandini Kusdianto Kusdianto Masaru Kubo Manabu Shimada |
| author_sort | Meditha Hudandini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CuO-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials have applications in pollutant degradation via photocatalysis. However, the existing methods of fabricating these nanomaterials involve liquid-phase processes, which require several steps and typically generate liquid waste. In this study, TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO nanoparticulate thin films were successfully fabricated through a one-step gas-phase approach involving a combination of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition. The resulting films consisted of small, spherical TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with observable CuO on the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface. Upon annealing in air, the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were crystallized, and CuO was completely oxidized. The photocatalytic activity of TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, when introduced into the rhodamine 6G degradation system, was substantially enhanced under both ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Moreover, this study highlights the influence of pH on the photocatalytic activity; TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity at pH 13, with a reaction rate constant of 0.99 h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> after 180 min of visible light irradiation. These findings could facilitate the development of nanoparticulate thin films for enhanced pollutant degradation in wastewater treatment. |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:25:20Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-45b6e0b063cb4e448eff6af4fd08dfbe2024-03-12T16:49:27ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-03-01175114910.3390/ma17051149Gas-Phase Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO Nanoparticulate Thin FilmsMeditha Hudandini0Kusdianto Kusdianto1Masaru Kubo2Manabu Shimada3Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, JapanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, IndonesiaChemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, JapanChemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, JapanCuO-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials have applications in pollutant degradation via photocatalysis. However, the existing methods of fabricating these nanomaterials involve liquid-phase processes, which require several steps and typically generate liquid waste. In this study, TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO nanoparticulate thin films were successfully fabricated through a one-step gas-phase approach involving a combination of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition. The resulting films consisted of small, spherical TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with observable CuO on the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface. Upon annealing in air, the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were crystallized, and CuO was completely oxidized. The photocatalytic activity of TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, when introduced into the rhodamine 6G degradation system, was substantially enhanced under both ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Moreover, this study highlights the influence of pH on the photocatalytic activity; TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity at pH 13, with a reaction rate constant of 0.99 h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> after 180 min of visible light irradiation. These findings could facilitate the development of nanoparticulate thin films for enhanced pollutant degradation in wastewater treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/5/1149plasma-enhanced chemical vapor depositionphysical vapor depositionphotodecompositionH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>rhodamine 6G |
| spellingShingle | Meditha Hudandini Kusdianto Kusdianto Masaru Kubo Manabu Shimada Gas-Phase Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO Nanoparticulate Thin Films Materials plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition physical vapor deposition photodecomposition H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> rhodamine 6G |
| title | Gas-Phase Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO Nanoparticulate Thin Films |
| title_full | Gas-Phase Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO Nanoparticulate Thin Films |
| title_fullStr | Gas-Phase Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO Nanoparticulate Thin Films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gas-Phase Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO Nanoparticulate Thin Films |
| title_short | Gas-Phase Fabrication and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO Nanoparticulate Thin Films |
| title_sort | gas phase fabrication and photocatalytic activity of tio sub 2 sub and tio sub 2 sub cuo nanoparticulate thin films |
| topic | plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition physical vapor deposition photodecomposition H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> rhodamine 6G |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/5/1149 |
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