Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture Methods
Lung diseases rank third in terms of mortality and represent a significant economic burden globally. Scientists have been conducting research to better understand respiratory diseases and find treatments for them. An ideal in vitro model must mimic the in vivo organ structure, physiology, and pathol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/3034 |
| _version_ | 1797460032306020352 |
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| author | Krishan Gopal Jain Nan Miles Xi Runzhen Zhao Waqas Ahmad Gibran Ali Hong-Long Ji |
| author_facet | Krishan Gopal Jain Nan Miles Xi Runzhen Zhao Waqas Ahmad Gibran Ali Hong-Long Ji |
| author_sort | Krishan Gopal Jain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung diseases rank third in terms of mortality and represent a significant economic burden globally. Scientists have been conducting research to better understand respiratory diseases and find treatments for them. An ideal in vitro model must mimic the in vivo organ structure, physiology, and pathology. Organoids are self-organizing, three-dimensional (3D) structures originating from adult stem cells, embryonic lung bud progenitors, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These 3D organoid cultures may provide a platform for exploring tissue development, the regulatory mechanisms related to the repair of lung epithelia, pathophysiological and immunomodulatory responses to different respiratory conditions, and screening compounds for new drugs. To create 3D lung organoids in vitro, both co-culture and feeder-free methods have been used. However, there exists substantial heterogeneity in the organoid culture methods, including the sources of AT2 cells, media composition, and feeder cell origins. This article highlights the currently available methods for growing AT2 organoids and prospective improvements to improve the available culture techniques/conditions. Further, we discuss various applications, particularly those aimed at modeling human distal lung diseases and cell therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:59:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45b7e95df37440f79db0be0251a7e891 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:59:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-45b7e95df37440f79db0be0251a7e8912023-11-24T14:31:15ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-11-011111303410.3390/biomedicines11113034Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture MethodsKrishan Gopal Jain0Nan Miles Xi1Runzhen Zhao2Waqas Ahmad3Gibran Ali4Hong-Long Ji5Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USADepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USADepartment of Surgery, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USADepartment of Surgery, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USADivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USADepartment of Surgery, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USALung diseases rank third in terms of mortality and represent a significant economic burden globally. Scientists have been conducting research to better understand respiratory diseases and find treatments for them. An ideal in vitro model must mimic the in vivo organ structure, physiology, and pathology. Organoids are self-organizing, three-dimensional (3D) structures originating from adult stem cells, embryonic lung bud progenitors, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These 3D organoid cultures may provide a platform for exploring tissue development, the regulatory mechanisms related to the repair of lung epithelia, pathophysiological and immunomodulatory responses to different respiratory conditions, and screening compounds for new drugs. To create 3D lung organoids in vitro, both co-culture and feeder-free methods have been used. However, there exists substantial heterogeneity in the organoid culture methods, including the sources of AT2 cells, media composition, and feeder cell origins. This article highlights the currently available methods for growing AT2 organoids and prospective improvements to improve the available culture techniques/conditions. Further, we discuss various applications, particularly those aimed at modeling human distal lung diseases and cell therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/3034organoidsalveolar type 2 cellsstem cells3D culturespulmonary diseases |
| spellingShingle | Krishan Gopal Jain Nan Miles Xi Runzhen Zhao Waqas Ahmad Gibran Ali Hong-Long Ji Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture Methods Biomedicines organoids alveolar type 2 cells stem cells 3D cultures pulmonary diseases |
| title | Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture Methods |
| title_full | Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture Methods |
| title_fullStr | Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture Methods |
| title_short | Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture Methods |
| title_sort | alveolar type 2 epithelial cell organoids focus on culture methods |
| topic | organoids alveolar type 2 cells stem cells 3D cultures pulmonary diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/3034 |
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