Characterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in Iran: a morphological and phenological study
Abstract Background Cannabis is a historically, culturally, and economically significant crop in human societies, owing to its versatile applications in both industry and medicine. Over many years, native cannabis populations have acclimated to the various environments found throughout Iran, resulti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04841-y |
| _version_ | 1827328020979908608 |
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| author | Mehdi Babaei Hossein Nemati Hossein Arouiee Davoud Torkamaneh |
| author_facet | Mehdi Babaei Hossein Nemati Hossein Arouiee Davoud Torkamaneh |
| author_sort | Mehdi Babaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cannabis is a historically, culturally, and economically significant crop in human societies, owing to its versatile applications in both industry and medicine. Over many years, native cannabis populations have acclimated to the various environments found throughout Iran, resulting in rich genetic and phenotypic diversity. Examining phenotypic diversity within and between indigenous populations is crucial for effective plant breeding programs. This study aimed to classify indigenous cannabis populations in Iran to meet the needs of breeders and breeding programs in developing new cultivars. Results Here, we assessed phenotypic diversity in 25 indigenous populations based on 12 phenological and 14 morphological traits in male and female plants. The extent of heritability for each parameter was estimated in both genders, and relationships between quantitative and time-based traits were explored. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified traits influencing population distinctions. Overall, populations were broadly classified into early, medium, and late flowering groups. The highest extent of heritability of phenological traits was found in Start Flower Formation Time in Individuals (SFFI) for females (0.91) Flowering Time 50% in Individuals (50% of bracts formed) (FT50I) for males (0.98). Populations IR7385 and IR2845 exhibited the highest commercial index (60%). Among male plants, the highest extent of Relative Growth Rate (RGR) was observed in the IR2845 population (0.122 g.g− 1.day− 1). Finally, populations were clustered into seven groups according to the morphological traits in female and male plants. Conclusions Overall, significant phenotypic diversity was observed among indigenous populations, emphasizing the potential for various applications. Early-flowering populations, with their high RGR and Harvest Index (HI), were found as promising options for inclusion in breeding programs. The findings provide valuable insights into harnessing the genetic diversity of indigenous cannabis for diverse purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:10:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45be32f815864237a02df609c2ef77e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:10:57Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-45be32f815864237a02df609c2ef77e72024-03-05T18:38:01ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-02-0124112110.1186/s12870-024-04841-yCharacterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in Iran: a morphological and phenological studyMehdi Babaei0Hossein Nemati1Hossein Arouiee2Davoud Torkamaneh3Department of Horticultural Sciences, Ferdowsi University of MashhadDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Ferdowsi University of MashhadDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Ferdowsi University of MashhadDépartement de Phytologie, Université LavalAbstract Background Cannabis is a historically, culturally, and economically significant crop in human societies, owing to its versatile applications in both industry and medicine. Over many years, native cannabis populations have acclimated to the various environments found throughout Iran, resulting in rich genetic and phenotypic diversity. Examining phenotypic diversity within and between indigenous populations is crucial for effective plant breeding programs. This study aimed to classify indigenous cannabis populations in Iran to meet the needs of breeders and breeding programs in developing new cultivars. Results Here, we assessed phenotypic diversity in 25 indigenous populations based on 12 phenological and 14 morphological traits in male and female plants. The extent of heritability for each parameter was estimated in both genders, and relationships between quantitative and time-based traits were explored. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified traits influencing population distinctions. Overall, populations were broadly classified into early, medium, and late flowering groups. The highest extent of heritability of phenological traits was found in Start Flower Formation Time in Individuals (SFFI) for females (0.91) Flowering Time 50% in Individuals (50% of bracts formed) (FT50I) for males (0.98). Populations IR7385 and IR2845 exhibited the highest commercial index (60%). Among male plants, the highest extent of Relative Growth Rate (RGR) was observed in the IR2845 population (0.122 g.g− 1.day− 1). Finally, populations were clustered into seven groups according to the morphological traits in female and male plants. Conclusions Overall, significant phenotypic diversity was observed among indigenous populations, emphasizing the potential for various applications. Early-flowering populations, with their high RGR and Harvest Index (HI), were found as promising options for inclusion in breeding programs. The findings provide valuable insights into harnessing the genetic diversity of indigenous cannabis for diverse purposes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04841-yPhenotypingGermplasmHeritabilityHempLandracesRelative growth rate |
| spellingShingle | Mehdi Babaei Hossein Nemati Hossein Arouiee Davoud Torkamaneh Characterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in Iran: a morphological and phenological study BMC Plant Biology Phenotyping Germplasm Heritability Hemp Landraces Relative growth rate |
| title | Characterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in Iran: a morphological and phenological study |
| title_full | Characterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in Iran: a morphological and phenological study |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in Iran: a morphological and phenological study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in Iran: a morphological and phenological study |
| title_short | Characterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in Iran: a morphological and phenological study |
| title_sort | characterization of indigenous populations of cannabis in iran a morphological and phenological study |
| topic | Phenotyping Germplasm Heritability Hemp Landraces Relative growth rate |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04841-y |
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