Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors
Most COVID-19 survivors report experiencing at least one persistent symptom after recovery, including sympathovagal imbalance. Relaxation techniques based on slow-paced breathing have proven to be beneficial for cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with various di...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Entropy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/874 |
| _version_ | 1797594925739540480 |
|---|---|
| author | Alejandra Margarita Sánchez-Solís Viridiana Peláez-Hernández Laura Mercedes Santiago-Fuentes Guadalupe Lizzbett Luna-Rodríguez José Javier Reyes-Lagos Arturo Orea-Tejeda |
| author_facet | Alejandra Margarita Sánchez-Solís Viridiana Peláez-Hernández Laura Mercedes Santiago-Fuentes Guadalupe Lizzbett Luna-Rodríguez José Javier Reyes-Lagos Arturo Orea-Tejeda |
| author_sort | Alejandra Margarita Sánchez-Solís |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most COVID-19 survivors report experiencing at least one persistent symptom after recovery, including sympathovagal imbalance. Relaxation techniques based on slow-paced breathing have proven to be beneficial for cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with various diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the cardiorespiratory dynamics by linear and nonlinear analysis of photoplethysmographic and respiratory time series on COVID-19 survivors under a psychophysiological assessment that includes slow-paced breathing. We analyzed photoplethysmographic and respiratory signals of 49 COVID-19 survivors to assess breathing rate variability (BRV), pulse rate variability (PRV), and pulse–respiration quotient (PRQ) during a psychophysiological assessment. Additionally, a comorbidity-based analysis was conducted to evaluate group changes. Our results indicate that all BRV indices significantly differed when performing slow-paced breathing. Nonlinear parameters of PRV were more appropriate for identifying changes in breathing patterns than linear indices. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of PRQ exhibited a significant increase while sample and fuzzy entropies decreased during diaphragmatic breathing. Thus, our findings suggest that slow-paced breathing may improve the cardiorespiratory dynamics of COVID-19 survivors in the short term by enhancing cardiorespiratory coupling via increased vagal activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:29:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45bfd5a51ddb4de7b9c6a49a77f6fc14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:29:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-45bfd5a51ddb4de7b9c6a49a77f6fc142023-11-18T10:17:39ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002023-05-0125687410.3390/e25060874Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 SurvivorsAlejandra Margarita Sánchez-Solís0Viridiana Peláez-Hernández1Laura Mercedes Santiago-Fuentes2Guadalupe Lizzbett Luna-Rodríguez3José Javier Reyes-Lagos4Arturo Orea-Tejeda5School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca de Lerdo 50180, MexicoCardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, MexicoSchool of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca de Lerdo 50180, MexicoCardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, MexicoSchool of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca de Lerdo 50180, MexicoCardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, MexicoMost COVID-19 survivors report experiencing at least one persistent symptom after recovery, including sympathovagal imbalance. Relaxation techniques based on slow-paced breathing have proven to be beneficial for cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with various diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the cardiorespiratory dynamics by linear and nonlinear analysis of photoplethysmographic and respiratory time series on COVID-19 survivors under a psychophysiological assessment that includes slow-paced breathing. We analyzed photoplethysmographic and respiratory signals of 49 COVID-19 survivors to assess breathing rate variability (BRV), pulse rate variability (PRV), and pulse–respiration quotient (PRQ) during a psychophysiological assessment. Additionally, a comorbidity-based analysis was conducted to evaluate group changes. Our results indicate that all BRV indices significantly differed when performing slow-paced breathing. Nonlinear parameters of PRV were more appropriate for identifying changes in breathing patterns than linear indices. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of PRQ exhibited a significant increase while sample and fuzzy entropies decreased during diaphragmatic breathing. Thus, our findings suggest that slow-paced breathing may improve the cardiorespiratory dynamics of COVID-19 survivors in the short term by enhancing cardiorespiratory coupling via increased vagal activity.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/874cardiorespiratory couplingpost-COVID-19 syndromeslow breathingdiaphragmatic breathingbreathing and relaxation exercisespulse–respiration quotient |
| spellingShingle | Alejandra Margarita Sánchez-Solís Viridiana Peláez-Hernández Laura Mercedes Santiago-Fuentes Guadalupe Lizzbett Luna-Rodríguez José Javier Reyes-Lagos Arturo Orea-Tejeda Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors Entropy cardiorespiratory coupling post-COVID-19 syndrome slow breathing diaphragmatic breathing breathing and relaxation exercises pulse–respiration quotient |
| title | Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors |
| title_full | Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors |
| title_fullStr | Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors |
| title_short | Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors |
| title_sort | induced relaxation enhances the cardiorespiratory dynamics in covid 19 survivors |
| topic | cardiorespiratory coupling post-COVID-19 syndrome slow breathing diaphragmatic breathing breathing and relaxation exercises pulse–respiration quotient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/874 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alejandramargaritasanchezsolis inducedrelaxationenhancesthecardiorespiratorydynamicsincovid19survivors AT viridianapelaezhernandez inducedrelaxationenhancesthecardiorespiratorydynamicsincovid19survivors AT lauramercedessantiagofuentes inducedrelaxationenhancesthecardiorespiratorydynamicsincovid19survivors AT guadalupelizzbettlunarodriguez inducedrelaxationenhancesthecardiorespiratorydynamicsincovid19survivors AT josejavierreyeslagos inducedrelaxationenhancesthecardiorespiratorydynamicsincovid19survivors AT arturooreatejeda inducedrelaxationenhancesthecardiorespiratorydynamicsincovid19survivors |