Neutrophils’ Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology
Neutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They phagocytose, release granular contents, produce reactive oxygen species, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to fight pathogens. With the characterization of NETs a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12855 |
| _version_ | 1797467977855008768 |
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| author | Janina Schoen Maximilien Euler Christine Schauer Georg Schett Martin Herrmann Jasmin Knopf Kursat Oguz Yaykasli |
| author_facet | Janina Schoen Maximilien Euler Christine Schauer Georg Schett Martin Herrmann Jasmin Knopf Kursat Oguz Yaykasli |
| author_sort | Janina Schoen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They phagocytose, release granular contents, produce reactive oxygen species, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to fight pathogens. With the characterization of NETs and their components, neutrophils were identified as players of the innate adaptive crosstalk. This has placed NETs at the center not only of physiological but also pathological processes. Aside from their role in pathogen uptake and clearance, NETs have been demonstrated to contribute to the resolution of inflammation by forming aggregated NETs able to degrade inflammatory mediators. On the other hand, NETs have the potential to foster severe pathological conditions. When homeostasis is disrupted, they occlude vessels and ducts, serve as sources of autoantigens and danger or damage associated molecular patterns, directly damage tissues, and exaggerate complement activity and inflammation. This review focusses on the understanding of NETs from their formation to their functions in both physiological and pathological processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:01:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45c1915c6d3f415697a5cd592417e883 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:01:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-45c1915c6d3f415697a5cd592417e8832023-11-24T04:58:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-10-0123211285510.3390/ijms232112855Neutrophils’ Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to PathologyJanina Schoen0Maximilien Euler1Christine Schauer2Georg Schett3Martin Herrmann4Jasmin Knopf5Kursat Oguz Yaykasli6Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyNeutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They phagocytose, release granular contents, produce reactive oxygen species, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to fight pathogens. With the characterization of NETs and their components, neutrophils were identified as players of the innate adaptive crosstalk. This has placed NETs at the center not only of physiological but also pathological processes. Aside from their role in pathogen uptake and clearance, NETs have been demonstrated to contribute to the resolution of inflammation by forming aggregated NETs able to degrade inflammatory mediators. On the other hand, NETs have the potential to foster severe pathological conditions. When homeostasis is disrupted, they occlude vessels and ducts, serve as sources of autoantigens and danger or damage associated molecular patterns, directly damage tissues, and exaggerate complement activity and inflammation. This review focusses on the understanding of NETs from their formation to their functions in both physiological and pathological processes.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12855neutrophil extracellular trapsinflammation resolutionDAMPaggNETsocclusionsautoantigens |
| spellingShingle | Janina Schoen Maximilien Euler Christine Schauer Georg Schett Martin Herrmann Jasmin Knopf Kursat Oguz Yaykasli Neutrophils’ Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology International Journal of Molecular Sciences neutrophil extracellular traps inflammation resolution DAMP aggNETs occlusions autoantigens |
| title | Neutrophils’ Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology |
| title_full | Neutrophils’ Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology |
| title_fullStr | Neutrophils’ Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutrophils’ Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology |
| title_short | Neutrophils’ Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology |
| title_sort | neutrophils extracellular trap mechanisms from physiology to pathology |
| topic | neutrophil extracellular traps inflammation resolution DAMP aggNETs occlusions autoantigens |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12855 |
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