Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in ‘Snow White’ Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening
The newly released ‘Snow White’ (SW), a white-fleshed loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) cultivar, holds promise for commercial production. However, the specifics of the phenolic composition in white-fleshed loquats, along with the antioxidant substances and their regulatory mech...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/80 |
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| author | Kun Zhang Jiayun Zhou Panhui Song Xinyu Li Xuemei Peng Yong Huang Qiaoli Ma Dong Liang Qunxian Deng |
| author_facet | Kun Zhang Jiayun Zhou Panhui Song Xinyu Li Xuemei Peng Yong Huang Qiaoli Ma Dong Liang Qunxian Deng |
| author_sort | Kun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The newly released ‘Snow White’ (SW), a white-fleshed loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) cultivar, holds promise for commercial production. However, the specifics of the phenolic composition in white-fleshed loquats, along with the antioxidant substances and their regulatory mechanisms, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the dynamic changes in the phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression patterns of SW during the key stages of fruit development and ripening. A total of 18 phenolic compounds were identified in SW, with chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and coniferyl alcohol being the most predominant. SW demonstrated a stronger antioxidant capacity in the early stages of development, largely due to total phenolics and flavonoids. Neochlorogenic acid may be the most significant antioxidant contributor in loquat. A decline in enzyme activities corresponded with fruit softening. Different genes within a multigene family played distinct roles in the synthesis of phenolics. <i>C4H1</i>, <i>4CL2</i>, <i>4CL9</i>, <i>HCT</i>, <i>CCoAOMT5</i>, <i>F5H</i>, <i>COMT1</i>, <i>CAD6</i>, and <i>POD42</i> were implicated in the regulation of neochlorogenic acid synthesis and accumulation. Consequently, these findings enhance our understanding of phenolic metabolism and offer fresh perspectives on the development of germplasm resources for white-fleshed loquats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:06:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45c31a14261441f9aba6489d92f40d09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:06:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-45c31a14261441f9aba6489d92f40d092024-01-10T14:58:07ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-12-012518010.3390/ijms25010080Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in ‘Snow White’ Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and RipeningKun Zhang0Jiayun Zhou1Panhui Song2Xinyu Li3Xuemei Peng4Yong Huang5Qiaoli Ma6Dong Liang7Qunxian Deng8College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaThe newly released ‘Snow White’ (SW), a white-fleshed loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) cultivar, holds promise for commercial production. However, the specifics of the phenolic composition in white-fleshed loquats, along with the antioxidant substances and their regulatory mechanisms, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the dynamic changes in the phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression patterns of SW during the key stages of fruit development and ripening. A total of 18 phenolic compounds were identified in SW, with chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and coniferyl alcohol being the most predominant. SW demonstrated a stronger antioxidant capacity in the early stages of development, largely due to total phenolics and flavonoids. Neochlorogenic acid may be the most significant antioxidant contributor in loquat. A decline in enzyme activities corresponded with fruit softening. Different genes within a multigene family played distinct roles in the synthesis of phenolics. <i>C4H1</i>, <i>4CL2</i>, <i>4CL9</i>, <i>HCT</i>, <i>CCoAOMT5</i>, <i>F5H</i>, <i>COMT1</i>, <i>CAD6</i>, and <i>POD42</i> were implicated in the regulation of neochlorogenic acid synthesis and accumulation. Consequently, these findings enhance our understanding of phenolic metabolism and offer fresh perspectives on the development of germplasm resources for white-fleshed loquats.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/80white-fleshed loquatphenolicsantioxidant activityphenylpropanoid biosynthesisgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Kun Zhang Jiayun Zhou Panhui Song Xinyu Li Xuemei Peng Yong Huang Qiaoli Ma Dong Liang Qunxian Deng Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in ‘Snow White’ Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening International Journal of Molecular Sciences white-fleshed loquat phenolics antioxidant activity phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene expression |
| title | Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in ‘Snow White’ Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening |
| title_full | Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in ‘Snow White’ Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in ‘Snow White’ Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in ‘Snow White’ Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening |
| title_short | Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in ‘Snow White’ Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening |
| title_sort | dynamic changes of phenolic composition antioxidant capacity and gene expression in snow white loquat i eriobotrya japonica i lindl fruit throughout development and ripening |
| topic | white-fleshed loquat phenolics antioxidant activity phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/80 |
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