Advanced Classification of Ionospheric Troughs in the Morning and Evening Conditions
The separation and classification of ionospheric troughs in the winter evening and morning ionospheres of the southern hemisphere were performed using CHAMP satellite data for high solar activity (2000–2002). In the high-latitude ionosphere, the main ionospheric trough (MIT) was separated from the h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4072 |
| _version_ | 1797442224338763776 |
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| author | Alexander Karpachev |
| author_facet | Alexander Karpachev |
| author_sort | Alexander Karpachev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The separation and classification of ionospheric troughs in the winter evening and morning ionospheres of the southern hemisphere were performed using CHAMP satellite data for high solar activity (2000–2002). In the high-latitude ionosphere, the main ionospheric trough (MIT) was separated from the high-latitude trough (HLT). The separation was carried out using a thorough analysis of all the characteristic structures of the ionosphere in the framework of the auroral diffuse particle precipitation model. Two types of high-latitude troughs were identified: (1) a wide trough associated with zone II of diffuse precipitation on the poleward edge of the auroral oval and (2) a narrow trough of ionization, which is presumably associated with an electric field action. The poleward wall of MIT is as ever formed by diffuse precipitation in zone I on the equatorward edge of the auroral oval. The HLT and MIT separation is most difficult at the longitudes of the eastern hemisphere, where all structures are located at the highest latitudes and partially overlap. In the mid-latitude ionosphere, all the characteristic structures of the ionosphere were also identified and considered. MIT was separated from the ring ionospheric trough (RIT), which is formed by the decay processes of the magnetospheric ring current. The separation of MIT and RIT was performed based on an analysis of the prehistory of all geomagnetic disturbances during the period under study. In addition to the RIT, a decrease in the electron density equatorward of the MIT was found to be often formed at the America–Atlantic longitudes, which masks the MIT minimum. For completeness, all cases of a clearly defined polar cavity are also presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:38:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45c54145fd784d158d8851a408432006 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:38:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-45c54145fd784d158d8851a4084320062023-11-30T22:20:42ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-08-011416407210.3390/rs14164072Advanced Classification of Ionospheric Troughs in the Morning and Evening ConditionsAlexander Karpachev0Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation (IZMIRAN), 4, Kaluzhskoe Hwy, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, RussiaThe separation and classification of ionospheric troughs in the winter evening and morning ionospheres of the southern hemisphere were performed using CHAMP satellite data for high solar activity (2000–2002). In the high-latitude ionosphere, the main ionospheric trough (MIT) was separated from the high-latitude trough (HLT). The separation was carried out using a thorough analysis of all the characteristic structures of the ionosphere in the framework of the auroral diffuse particle precipitation model. Two types of high-latitude troughs were identified: (1) a wide trough associated with zone II of diffuse precipitation on the poleward edge of the auroral oval and (2) a narrow trough of ionization, which is presumably associated with an electric field action. The poleward wall of MIT is as ever formed by diffuse precipitation in zone I on the equatorward edge of the auroral oval. The HLT and MIT separation is most difficult at the longitudes of the eastern hemisphere, where all structures are located at the highest latitudes and partially overlap. In the mid-latitude ionosphere, all the characteristic structures of the ionosphere were also identified and considered. MIT was separated from the ring ionospheric trough (RIT), which is formed by the decay processes of the magnetospheric ring current. The separation of MIT and RIT was performed based on an analysis of the prehistory of all geomagnetic disturbances during the period under study. In addition to the RIT, a decrease in the electron density equatorward of the MIT was found to be often formed at the America–Atlantic longitudes, which masks the MIT minimum. For completeness, all cases of a clearly defined polar cavity are also presented.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4072main ionospheric troughhigh latitude troughring ionospheric troughlow latitude troughauroral diffuse precipitation |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Karpachev Advanced Classification of Ionospheric Troughs in the Morning and Evening Conditions Remote Sensing main ionospheric trough high latitude trough ring ionospheric trough low latitude trough auroral diffuse precipitation |
| title | Advanced Classification of Ionospheric Troughs in the Morning and Evening Conditions |
| title_full | Advanced Classification of Ionospheric Troughs in the Morning and Evening Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Classification of Ionospheric Troughs in the Morning and Evening Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Classification of Ionospheric Troughs in the Morning and Evening Conditions |
| title_short | Advanced Classification of Ionospheric Troughs in the Morning and Evening Conditions |
| title_sort | advanced classification of ionospheric troughs in the morning and evening conditions |
| topic | main ionospheric trough high latitude trough ring ionospheric trough low latitude trough auroral diffuse precipitation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/4072 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexanderkarpachev advancedclassificationofionospherictroughsinthemorningandeveningconditions |