A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing
The increasing use of electric vehicle batteries in the world has a significant impact on both society and the environment. Thus, there is a need for the availability of transparent information on resource allocation. Battery manufacturing process details in this regard are not available in academia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/7/1/14 |
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| author | Asanthi Jinasena Odne Stokke Burheim Anders Hammer Strømman |
| author_facet | Asanthi Jinasena Odne Stokke Burheim Anders Hammer Strømman |
| author_sort | Asanthi Jinasena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing use of electric vehicle batteries in the world has a significant impact on both society and the environment. Thus, there is a need for the availability of transparent information on resource allocation. Battery manufacturing process details in this regard are not available in academia or the public. The available energy data on manufacturing has a high variation. Furthermore, different process steps have different energy and material demands. A process model can benchmark the energy usage, provide detailed process data, and compare various cell productions which in turn can be used in life-cycle assessment studies to reduce the variation and provide directions for improvements. Therefore, a cell manufacturing model is developed for the calculation of energy and material demands for different battery types, plant capacities, and process steps. The model consists of the main process steps, machines, intermediate products and building service units. Furthermore, the results are validated using literature values. For a case study of a 2 GWh plant that produces prismatic NMC333 cells, the total energy requirement on a theoretical and optimal basis is suggested to be <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>44.6</mn><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mi>in</mi><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mi>production</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mi>cell</mi><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi>capacity</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. This energy consumption in producing batteries is dominated by electrode drying, and dry room. Energy usage for a variety of cell types for a similar plant capacity shows that the standard deviation in the results is low (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>47.23</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>13.03</mn><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:38:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45cf5f5c2efe4e90baf5da1933e1473e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:38:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-45cf5f5c2efe4e90baf5da1933e1473e2023-12-11T17:59:16ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052021-02-01711410.3390/batteries7010014A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell ManufacturingAsanthi Jinasena0Odne Stokke Burheim1Anders Hammer Strømman2Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayThe increasing use of electric vehicle batteries in the world has a significant impact on both society and the environment. Thus, there is a need for the availability of transparent information on resource allocation. Battery manufacturing process details in this regard are not available in academia or the public. The available energy data on manufacturing has a high variation. Furthermore, different process steps have different energy and material demands. A process model can benchmark the energy usage, provide detailed process data, and compare various cell productions which in turn can be used in life-cycle assessment studies to reduce the variation and provide directions for improvements. Therefore, a cell manufacturing model is developed for the calculation of energy and material demands for different battery types, plant capacities, and process steps. The model consists of the main process steps, machines, intermediate products and building service units. Furthermore, the results are validated using literature values. For a case study of a 2 GWh plant that produces prismatic NMC333 cells, the total energy requirement on a theoretical and optimal basis is suggested to be <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>44.6</mn><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mi>in</mi><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mi>production</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mi>cell</mi><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi>capacity</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. This energy consumption in producing batteries is dominated by electrode drying, and dry room. Energy usage for a variety of cell types for a similar plant capacity shows that the standard deviation in the results is low (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>47.23</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>13.03</mn><mspace width="3.33333pt"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>).https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/7/1/14process modellithium-ion batteriesenergy usecell manufacturing |
| spellingShingle | Asanthi Jinasena Odne Stokke Burheim Anders Hammer Strømman A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing Batteries process model lithium-ion batteries energy use cell manufacturing |
| title | A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing |
| title_full | A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing |
| title_short | A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing |
| title_sort | flexible model for benchmarking the energy usage of automotive lithium ion battery cell manufacturing |
| topic | process model lithium-ion batteries energy use cell manufacturing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/7/1/14 |
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