Effects of NH<sub>4</sub>SCN Additive in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films in a Sequential Deposition Method
This study determined the effect of introducing the NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/5/795 |
| _version_ | 1797600540181397504 |
|---|---|
| author | Jorge Luis Miró-Zárate Miltón Carlos Elías-Espinosa Felipe Cervantes-Sodi Carolina Janani Diliegros-Godines |
| author_facet | Jorge Luis Miró-Zárate Miltón Carlos Elías-Espinosa Felipe Cervantes-Sodi Carolina Janani Diliegros-Godines |
| author_sort | Jorge Luis Miró-Zárate |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study determined the effect of introducing the NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SCN additive in the precursor solution of PbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> of a sequential deposition method in an open atmosphere to form FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> perovskite over a glass substrate. Adding NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SCN leads to different intermediate layers according to the concentration of the additive. From an adequate concentration, an ionic substitution between I<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and SCN<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> is promoted, providing a unique path for nucleation and growth of FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> due to significant changes in morphology. The intermediate layer with a proper amount of NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SCN enhanced the physical properties of FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. It contributed to understanding the crystallinity and morphological conditions for favorable growth of FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> directly over a glass substrate. A concentration of 40% gave rise to the biggest grain size, homogeneous morphology, higher absorption, and prevalence of black phase in the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> phase coexistence. As a result, the perovskite with the NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SCN additive showed a positive effect on the growth mechanisms and enhanced stability due to the mixed <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-phase and grain size ∼1350 nm. The preceding makes FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> film with a concentration of 40% a good option for application as stable perovskite in solar cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:49:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45cfbd9e672346369d856a6a50d72a74 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:49:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-45cfbd9e672346369d856a6a50d72a742023-11-18T01:00:02ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522023-05-0113579510.3390/cryst13050795Effects of NH<sub>4</sub>SCN Additive in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films in a Sequential Deposition MethodJorge Luis Miró-Zárate0Miltón Carlos Elías-Espinosa1Felipe Cervantes-Sodi2Carolina Janani Diliegros-Godines3Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Santa Fe, School of Engineering and Science, Mexico City 01389, MexicoInstituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Santa Fe, School of Engineering and Science, Mexico City 01389, MexicoPhysics and Mathematics Department, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Mexico City 01219, MexicoInstituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Post. J-48, Puebla 72570, Pue, MexicoThis study determined the effect of introducing the NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SCN additive in the precursor solution of PbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> of a sequential deposition method in an open atmosphere to form FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> perovskite over a glass substrate. Adding NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SCN leads to different intermediate layers according to the concentration of the additive. From an adequate concentration, an ionic substitution between I<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and SCN<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> is promoted, providing a unique path for nucleation and growth of FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> due to significant changes in morphology. The intermediate layer with a proper amount of NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SCN enhanced the physical properties of FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. It contributed to understanding the crystallinity and morphological conditions for favorable growth of FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> directly over a glass substrate. A concentration of 40% gave rise to the biggest grain size, homogeneous morphology, higher absorption, and prevalence of black phase in the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> phase coexistence. As a result, the perovskite with the NH<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SCN additive showed a positive effect on the growth mechanisms and enhanced stability due to the mixed <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-phase and grain size ∼1350 nm. The preceding makes FAPbI<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> film with a concentration of 40% a good option for application as stable perovskite in solar cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/5/795perovskiteFAPbI<sub>3</sub>sequential depositionammonium thiocyanateopen atmosphere |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Luis Miró-Zárate Miltón Carlos Elías-Espinosa Felipe Cervantes-Sodi Carolina Janani Diliegros-Godines Effects of NH<sub>4</sub>SCN Additive in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films in a Sequential Deposition Method Crystals perovskite FAPbI<sub>3</sub> sequential deposition ammonium thiocyanate open atmosphere |
| title | Effects of NH<sub>4</sub>SCN Additive in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films in a Sequential Deposition Method |
| title_full | Effects of NH<sub>4</sub>SCN Additive in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films in a Sequential Deposition Method |
| title_fullStr | Effects of NH<sub>4</sub>SCN Additive in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films in a Sequential Deposition Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of NH<sub>4</sub>SCN Additive in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films in a Sequential Deposition Method |
| title_short | Effects of NH<sub>4</sub>SCN Additive in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films in a Sequential Deposition Method |
| title_sort | effects of nh sub 4 sub scn additive in the fapbi sub 3 sub perovskite films in a sequential deposition method |
| topic | perovskite FAPbI<sub>3</sub> sequential deposition ammonium thiocyanate open atmosphere |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/5/795 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jorgeluismirozarate effectsofnhsub4subscnadditiveinthefapbisub3subperovskitefilmsinasequentialdepositionmethod AT miltoncarloseliasespinosa effectsofnhsub4subscnadditiveinthefapbisub3subperovskitefilmsinasequentialdepositionmethod AT felipecervantessodi effectsofnhsub4subscnadditiveinthefapbisub3subperovskitefilmsinasequentialdepositionmethod AT carolinajananidiliegrosgodines effectsofnhsub4subscnadditiveinthefapbisub3subperovskitefilmsinasequentialdepositionmethod |